APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

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Expand view Topic review: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by neufer » Mon Jul 11, 2011 2:21 pm

rstevenson wrote:
NoelC wrote:
I have it on pretty good authority that NASA avoids the number 13 now quite actively.
Seriously? :shock:

When an organization based on science and engineering decides to modify its behaviour to suit superstition, what hope remains? :cry:
That organization doesn't need extra criticism from its superstitious funding source...us.

In any event, it is a good rejoinder (whether or not it is true) for a common question that Lovell no doubt gets a lot.

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by rstevenson » Mon Jul 11, 2011 1:20 pm

NoelC wrote:I have it on pretty good authority that NASA avoids the number 13 now quite actively.
Seriously? :shock:

When an organization based on science and engineering decides to modify its behaviour to suit superstition, what hope remains? :cry:

Rob

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by NoelC » Sun Jul 10, 2011 10:52 pm

I have it on pretty good authority that NASA avoids the number 13 now quite actively.
Jim Lovell, June 22, 2011
Jim Lovell, June 22, 2011
-Noel

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by neufer » Sun Jul 10, 2011 9:18 pm

Image
NoelC wrote:
Beyond wrote:
Gee, they're all number 7.
Well clearly 13 doesn't work!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13

Apollo 13 (launched on April 11, 1970 at 13:13 CST)
was the 7th manned mission in the American Apollo space program.

The landing had to be aborted after an oxygen tank exploded (April 13, 21:07:53 CST).

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by Beyond » Sun Jul 10, 2011 9:07 pm

Well....how about 42 :?:

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by NoelC » Sun Jul 10, 2011 8:44 pm

Beyond wrote:Gee, they're all number 7.
Well clearly 13 doesn't work!

-Noel

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by neufer » Sun Jul 10, 2011 4:37 pm

Beyond wrote:
Gee, they're all number 7.

Code: Select all

    Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr., USN, (1923–1998)    MR-3 (Freedom 7), Apollo 14

    Virgil Ivan (Gus) Grissom, USAF, (1926–1967)    MR-4 (Liberty Bell 7), Gemini 3, Apollo 1

    John Herschel Glenn Jr., USMC, (born 1921)    MA-6 (Friendship 7), STS-95

    Malcolm Scott Carpenter, USN, (born 1925)    MA-7 (Aurora 7)

    Walter Marty (Wally) Schirra Jr., USN, (1923–2007)    MA-8 (Sigma 7), Gemini 6A, Apollo 7

    Leroy Gordon Cooper Jr., USAF, (1927–2004)    MA-9 (Faith 7), Gemini 5

    Donald Kent (Deke) Slayton, USAF, (1924–1993)    Apollo-Soyuz Test Project 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Seven wrote: <<Mercury Seven was the group of seven Mercury astronauts selected by NASA on April 9, 1959. They are also referred to as the Original Seven and Astronaut Group 1. This was the only astronaut group with members that flew on all classes of NASA manned orbital spacecraft of the 20th century: Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and ending with John Glenn's flight on the STS-95 Space Shuttle mission. As of 2011, John Glenn and Scott Carpenter are the only surviving members of the Mercury Seven. Their official spokesman from 1959-1963 was USAF Lt. Col. John "Shorty" Powers, who as a result became known in the press as the "eighth astronaut".

After an advertisement among military test pilots drew more than 500 applications, NASA searched military personnel records in January 1959 and identified 110 pilots who qualified. Sixty-nine candidates were brought to Washington, DC, in two groups; the candidates' interest was so great, despite the extensive physical and mental exams from January to March, that the agency did not summon the last group. The tests included spending hours on treadmills and tilt tables, submerging their feet in ice water, three doses of castor oil, and five enemas. Six candidates were rejected as too tall for the planned spacecraft. Another 33 failed or dropped out during the first phase of exams. Four more refused to take part in the second round of tests, which eliminated eight more candidates, leaving 18.

From the 18, the first seven NASA astronauts were chosen, each a "superb physical specimen" with a genius-level IQ, and the ability to function well both as part of a team and solo. Despite the extensive medical evaluation, two of the seven (Shepard and Slayton) were soon grounded for undiagnosed medical conditions and sat out the entirety of Project Gemini and most of the Apollo program (and Mercury as well, in Slayton's case) supervising the active astronauts.>>

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by Beyond » Sun Jul 10, 2011 2:09 pm

Gee, they're all number 7.

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by neufer » Sun Jul 10, 2011 10:48 am

[img3="Alan Shepard's sub-orbital Freedom 7 Mercury-Redstone was
a single stage" 66,000 lb, liquid-fueled (ethyl alcohol) rocket.

John Glenn's orbital Friendship 7 Mercury-Atlas was
a "1.5 stage" 260,000 lb, liquid-fueled (LOX & RP-1) rocket."]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c ... rofile.jpg[/img3]
Chris Peterson wrote:
NoelC wrote:
Let us not forget there have been private folks who have flown a reusable vehicle into space and landed it for mere millions of dollars including development!
No, realistically, that hasn't happened. Yeah, they got over 100km, which is "space" by an arbitrary definition. But the technology is useless for anything other than carrying rich passengers to "space". You can't compare a suborbital system (which is just a glorified airplane) to something that can put a man or other payload in orbit.

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by Chris Peterson » Sun Jul 10, 2011 5:24 am

NoelC wrote:Yes, I meant a system based on non-reusable orbital vehicles, such as preceded the Shuttle. No, not the same technology, but apparently the same philosophy: Humongously expensive throwaway rockets, instead of ridiculously expensive maintenance of reusable vehicles.
The thing is, those throwaway rockets aren't very expensive at all. Launches with them typically run a few tens of millions of dollars.
Yes, we all know it's pretty darned hard indeed to get to space... But somewhere in the back of my mind I thought that even if the reusable Space Shuttle wasn't a wild success, there would be a reusable successor that would be much better (cheaper) at it - based on what we learned from this system.
AFAIK, people at NASA are still working on that problem. Unfortunately, 30 years of the shuttle really consumed most of the resources that could have gone towards that development.
Let us not forget there have been private folks who have flown a reusable vehicle into space and landed it for mere millions of dollars including development!
No, realistically, that hasn't happened. Yeah, they got over 100km, which is "space" by an arbitrary definition. But the technology is useless for anything other than carrying rich passengers to "space". You can't compare a suborbital system (which is just a glorified airplane) to something that can put a man or other payload in orbit.

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by NoelC » Sun Jul 10, 2011 4:38 am

Chris Peterson wrote:
NoelC wrote:I assume you're thinking about a return to more traditional rocketry, then?
I'm not sure what that means. If you mean substantially single-use rockets, typically designed for non-human payloads, than yes. I don't know that I'd use the term "traditional" for this; certainly, what we launch today are not your father's rockets!
Yes, I meant a system based on non-reusable orbital vehicles, such as preceded the Shuttle. No, not the same technology, but apparently the same philosophy: Humongously expensive throwaway rockets, instead of ridiculously expensive maintenance of reusable vehicles.

Yes, we all know it's pretty darned hard indeed to get to space... But somewhere in the back of my mind I thought that even if the reusable Space Shuttle wasn't a wild success, there would be a reusable successor that would be much better (cheaper) at it - based on what we learned from this system. Let us not forget there have been private folks who have flown a reusable vehicle into space and landed it for mere millions of dollars including development!

Instead we apparently have... No plans. Mediocrity - something getting all the more common for the here and now.

-Noel

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by rstevenson » Sun Jul 10, 2011 12:14 am

NoelC wrote:Nothing wrong with slashing taxes, because so much of everyone's income goes to waste, but BOOST spending for education and science.
Unfortunately, no one is planning to spend tax dollars more efficiently or sensibly or wisely, they just want to have less to spend as stupidly as they do now.
NoelC wrote:And, freedom of the press notwithstanding, return to a sense of morals and civic duty when it comes to television and entertainment. We are actively teaching our young folks terrible things via those media now! And it's clear it can be done; it's being done in other countries. When I can I watch the BBC, and I always feel as though a great weight of utter stupidity has been lifted when I do.
"[T]he broader culture, especially mass media, represses the genius in our children through its constant onslaught of violence, mediocrity, and repugnant role models." - Thomas Armstrong

And, as I said in a discussion here about 15 months ago, "The Dark Ages didn't go away willingly; they were pushed away by science and education. And they are waiting, drooling and gibbering in the darkness, for an opportunity to return."

Rob

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by nstahl » Sat Jul 09, 2011 9:35 pm

dship14 wrote:it's been a GREAT generation to grow up and grow old.
It really has been. I'm worried, though, about the moral and mental wreckage that's being left for future generations. Superstitions outweighing science and the feeling we don't owe our fellow citizens and fellow humans anything.

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by dship14 » Sat Jul 09, 2011 9:27 pm

I remember Alan Shepherd and the original Mercury 7 astronauts--I was a young boy and they were heroes. I was a senior in high school when Neil Armstrong walked on the moon. I also remember watching the very first space shuttle land--a vehicle that had been in outer space and landed without a splashdown and thinking: "This is a new era in space exploration." Now that era is over--I've seen the Voyager and Galileo images of our solar system's planets and moons throughout my adult life. Now, I'm retired after 30 years at at&t and gratefully acknowledging that it's been a GREAT generation to grow up and grow old. 8-)

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by Chris Peterson » Sat Jul 09, 2011 8:32 pm

NoelC wrote:I assume you're thinking about a return to more traditional rocketry, then?
I'm not sure what that means. If you mean substantially single-use rockets, typically designed for non-human payloads, than yes. I don't know that I'd use the term "traditional" for this; certainly, what we launch today are not your father's rockets!
You know of other plans to help service the ISS?
AFAIK, most of the launch burden will fall on Russia for at least the next few years. And what's wrong with that? That "I" in the name of the space station shouldn't be overlooked.
Or is it your opinion that somehow being in space is just useless?
In principle, not at all. In practice, nearly so. What I don't see is a realistic purpose for our being in space that is commensurate with the costs involved (both direct and indirect). It's a question of bang for the buck.

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by NoelC » Sat Jul 09, 2011 8:24 pm

Chris Peterson wrote:
NoelC wrote:Considering all the things we will no longer be able to do without the Shuttle...
I can't actually think of much.
I assume you're thinking about a return to more traditional rocketry, then?

You know of other plans to help service the ISS?

Or is it your opinion that somehow being in space is just useless?

-Noel

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by NoelC » Sat Jul 09, 2011 8:21 pm

Nothing wrong with slashing taxes, because so much of everyone's income goes to waste, but BOOST spending for education and science.

And, freedom of the press notwithstanding, return to a sense of morals and civic duty when it comes to television and entertainment. We are actively teaching our young folks terrible things via those media now! And it's clear it can be done; it's being done in other countries. When I can I watch the BBC, and I always feel as though a great weight of utter stupidity has been lifted when I do.

-Noel

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by Ann » Sat Jul 09, 2011 7:50 pm

I was dismayed to hear about the possible demise of the James Webb telescope. As some of you know, I'm not the staunchest fan of infrared astronomy in general, but I, too, understand its immense value when it comes to observing the distant, early universe. I'm shocked at the realization of just how much will be lost if the James Webb telescope is killed.

As a European and a Swede, I probably shouldn't comment too much on US politics. But I want to say this. Those of you who are US citizens have every right to be immensely proud of your country's fantastic achievements when it comes to exploring the universe. I have been an astronomy nerd for most of my life, and when I look back (and when I look at some of the early books on astronomy that I bought way back when) I'm awe-struck at the incredible amount of knowledge that has been amassed about space since I started taking a serious interest back in 1969.

Most of this knowledge has come from American science and American space exploration. Your brilliant American achievements have all been made possible thanks to American taxpayers. As a Swede, I'm incredibly grateful to you Americans for giving me this gift of fantastically expanded knowledge thanks to your national efforts, which were made possible thanks to American taxpayers.

Which is precisely why I find it so depressing to hear Republicans and Tea party activists who seem to want to slash taxes to a bare minimum, probably not a lot more than what it takes to pay for your military forces and perhaps a bit of Medicare and pensions. The idea that tax money will no longer go to science and the quest for knowledge, not if those tax-slashing extremists have their say, is depressing to me.

Ann

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by Chris Peterson » Sat Jul 09, 2011 5:44 pm

owlice wrote:My son fully expects to be living overseas as an adult. He thinks the US is openly hostile to learning and intelligence and that there will be no place for him here.

Sometimes when I look at Congressional actions (and almost anything my local public school system does), I'm hard-pressed to counter his impressions.
I believe your son has a realistic view of the world. If I were a young scientist just out of college, I'd be seriously looking at positions outside the U.S. My wife is British, and we therefore have a lot of freedom to live elsewhere. Our love of the mountain wilderness keeps us here, and we'd hate to leave that... but knowing we have options is very reassuring.

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by owlice » Sat Jul 09, 2011 5:38 pm

My son fully expects to be living overseas as an adult. He thinks the US is openly hostile to learning and intelligence and that there will be no place for him here.

Sometimes when I look at Congressional actions (and almost anything my local public school system does), I'm hard-pressed to counter his impressions.

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by Chris Peterson » Sat Jul 09, 2011 5:35 pm

neufer wrote:So you are optimistic about the world (and the future) in general and it's just the U.S. that you have a problem with.
Well, not terribly optimistic. But I definitely think the U.S. is in deeper trouble than the rest of the developed world- possibly irrecoverably deep. If civilization collapses, we obviously won't have more space telescopes for some centuries or millennia. My comment was predicated on the assumption that civilization won't collapse anytime soon. In that case, given the interest and leadership other countries are demonstrating in space exploration, I have every reason to think that space telescopes will continue to be developed, with or without U.S. participation.

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by neufer » Sat Jul 09, 2011 5:09 pm

Chris Peterson wrote:
neufer wrote:
Assuming, that is, that there will be future space telescopes:
http://www.planetary.org/blog/article/00003094/
There will be future space telescopes. The Republican Party is not active in the rest of the developed world, which still has a commitment to basic scientific research. If Congress decides to continue pushing the U.S. backwards, scientists here will relocate to Europe, Japan, China, and elsewhere. Humans will engage in space exploration, with or without U.S. participation or leadership.
So you are optimistic about the world (and the future) in general and it's just the U.S. that you have a problem with.

The Republican Party is probably right, however, about healthy competition being a good thing.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/07/science/07webb.html wrote:
Panel Proposes Killing Webb Space Telescope
By DENNIS OVERBYE, The New York Times
Published: July 6, 2011


<<The House Appropriations Committee proposed Wednesday to kill the James Webb Space Telescope, the crown jewel of NASA’s astronomy plans for the next two decades. The telescope, named after a former administrator of NASA, is the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, and it was designed to study the first stars and galaxies that emerged in the first hundred million years or so after the Big Bang. It was supposed to be launched in 2014, but NASA said last year that the project would require at least an additional $1.6 billion and several more years to finish, because of mismanagement. Just last week, NASA announced that it had finished polishing all the segments of the telescope’s mirror, which is 6.5 meters in diameter, but the agency has still not announced a new plan for testing and launching the telescope.

The announcement of the telescope’s potential demise came as part of a draft budget for NASA and other agencies, including the Commerce and Justice Departments. In all, the committee proposed lopping $1.6 billion off NASA’s current budget, which is $18.4 billion for 2011. The Obama administration had originally requested $18.7 billion for NASA.

Astronomers reacted with immediate dismay, fearing that the death of the Webb telescope could have the same dire impact on American astronomy that killing the Superconducting Supercollider, a giant particle accelerator in Texas, did in 1993 for American physics, sending leadership abroad.

Canceling the Webb telescope would “have a profound impact on astrophysics far into the future, threatening U.S. leadership in space science,” said Matt Mountain, director of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, which would run the new telescope. “This is particularly disappointing at a time when the nation is struggling to inspire students to take up science and engineering,” he added.

Tod R. Lauer, an astronomer at the National Optical Astronomy Observatory in Tucson, echoed his view. “This would be an unmitigated disaster for cosmology,” he said. “After two decades of pushing the Hubble to its limits, which has revolutionized astronomy, the next step would be to pack up and give up. The Hubble is just good enough to see what we’re missing at the start of time.” The Webb telescope, he said, “would bring it home in full living color.”

The Appropriation Committee’s proposal was the opening act in what is likely to be a long political drama, in which the Senate will eventually have a say. The measure is expected to be approved Thursday by the subcommittee in charge of NASA and the other agencies, according to Jennifer Hing, a spokeswoman for the committee. Next Wednesday the full Appropriations Committee will meet again to consider the final bill.

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by Chris Peterson » Sat Jul 09, 2011 4:37 pm

neufer wrote:Assuming, that is, that there will be future space telescopes:
http://www.planetary.org/blog/article/00003094/
There will be future space telescopes. The Republican Party is not active in the rest of the developed world, which still has a commitment to basic scientific research. If Congress decides to continue pushing the U.S. backwards, scientists here will relocate to Europe, Japan, China, and elsewhere. Humans will engage in space exploration, with or without U.S. participation or leadership.

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by neufer » Sat Jul 09, 2011 4:28 pm

Chris Peterson wrote:
NoelC wrote:
Some say huge ground-based telescopes can take over, with their adaptive optics, but somehow I just don't see the atmosphere getting any clearer, or any reduction in light pollution happening any time soon.
The real reason we need space-based telescopes isn't because of the resolution limiting aspects of the atmosphere, but because there are too many wavelengths of interest where the atmosphere is opaque. Ground-based telescopes already provide much greater resolution than the HST can manage in visual bands. That's why future space telescopes are largely designed to work outside those bands (mainly IR).
The skies are also much darker in space (especially in the bluer colors that Ann likes so much)
and unlimited light gathering can be achieved through long exposure times.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_Large_Telescope wrote:
<<The Very Large Telescope (VLT) is made up of four separate optical telescopes organized in an array formation, built and operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO) at the Paranal Observatory on Cerro Paranal, a 2,635 m high mountain in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. Each telescope has an 8.2 m aperture. The array is complemented by four movable Auxiliary Telescopes (ATs) of 1.8 m aperture. The VLT has several adaptive optics systems, which at infrared wavelengths correct for the effects of the atmospheric turbulence, providing images almost as sharp as if the telescope were in space. In the near-IR, the adaptive optics images of the VLT are up to three times sharper than those of the Hubble Space Telescope, and the spectroscopic resolution is many times better than Hubble. The VLTs are noted for their high level of observing efficiency and automation. Working together in interferometric mode, the telescopes can achieve an angular resolution of around 1 milliarcsecond.>>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_optical_reflecting_telescopes wrote:
<<Telescopes designed to be used as optical astronomical interferometers such as the Keck I and II used together as the Keck Interferometer can reach very high resolutions, although at a narrower range of observations. The 85-metre separation between the two telescopes gives them the effective angular resolution in one direction of 5 milliarcseconds (mas) at 2.2 µm, and 24 mas at 10 µm. The lack of additional outrigger telescopes makes the Keck Interferometer unsuitable for interferometric imaging, so work has concentrated on nulling interferometry and angular diameter measurements instead.

When the two mirrors are on one mount, the combined mirror spacing of the Large Binocular Telescope (22.8 meters) allows fuller use of the aperture synthesis. In the summer of 2010, the "First Light Adaptive Optics" (FLAO) - an adaptive optics system with a deformable secondary mirror rather than correcting atmospheric distortion further downstream in the optics - was inaugurated. Using one 8.4 m side, it surpassed Hubble sharpness (at certain light wavelengths).

Largest does not always equate to being the best telescopes and overall light gathering power of the optical system can be poor measure of a telescope's performance. Space-based telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, take advantage of being above the Earths atmosphere to reach higher resolution and greater light gathering through longer exposure time. Location in the northern or southern hemisphere of the Earth can also limit what part of the sky an be observed.>>
Chris Peterson wrote:
Future space telescopes will be far from the Earth, and not practically repairable with any technology we're likely to develop in the near future.
Assuming, that is, that there will be future space telescopes:
http://www.planetary.org/blog/article/00003094/

Re: APOD: Atlantis Reflection (2011 Jul 09)

by Chris Peterson » Sat Jul 09, 2011 3:46 pm

NoelC wrote:Considering all the things we will no longer be able to do without the Shuttle...
I can't actually think of much.
...the thing I look forward to the least is when the Hubble Space Telescope finally wears itself out and ceases to function, and here we will be with no vehicle with which to service it.
Like all equipment, the HST will wear out beyond the point that it makes sense to repair it. Probably, it has already reached that point... certainly, its life was already extended once beyond its planned demise. The sad thing is, however, that repairing the HST was always a fool's mission. For less than we spent on repair missions, we could have launched several additional space telescopes. The entire HST repair concept was developed back when it was anticipated that shuttle launches would cost a tenth or less of what they ultimately ended up costing.
Maybe we'll be back to using big dumb boosters by then.
Modern one-use boosters are far from dumb. They represent advanced technology, and are generally far better tools for putting things in space than the shuttles.
Some say huge ground-based telescopes can take over, with their adaptive optics, but somehow I just don't see the atmosphere getting any clearer, or any reduction in light pollution happening any time soon.
The real reason we need space-based telescopes isn't because of the resolution limiting aspects of the atmosphere, but because there are too many wavelengths of interest where the atmosphere is opaque. Ground-based telescopes already provide much greater resolution than the HST can manage in visual bands. That's why future space telescopes are largely designed to work outside those bands (mainly IR). But we lost a LOT of utility with the HST putting it in a low Earth orbit, which was purely to support repairs. I don't think we will make that mistake again. Future space telescopes will be far from the Earth, and not practically repairable with any technology we're likely to develop in the near future.

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