APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

Post a reply


This question is a means of preventing automated form submissions by spambots.
Smilies
:D :) :ssmile: :( :o :shock: :? 8-) :lol2: :x :P :oops: :cry: :evil: :roll: :wink: :!: :?: :idea: :arrow: :| :mrgreen:
View more smilies

BBCode is ON
[img] is ON
[url] is ON
Smilies are ON

Topic review
   

Expand view Topic review: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by Ron-Astro Pharmacist » Tue Feb 02, 2016 7:07 pm

neufer wrote:
Ron-Astro Pharmacist wrote:
neufer wrote:
Zeno's paradox really doesn't work with black hole evaporation because when the hole gets half as small it's radius decreases at a rate four times as fast (i.e., eight times as fast relative to it's size). Radioactive material is only half as radioactive after a half life and would, in fact, (Zeno-like) last forever if not for the fact that there are only a discreet number of atoms.
That argument seems right Art but it's
even
... "less than halfway decent".
  • "Less than halfway descent" :?:
Ron-Astro Pharmacist wrote:
Referring to frame three

...but not very well. :oops: :no:

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by neufer » Tue Feb 02, 2016 5:42 pm

Ron-Astro Pharmacist wrote:
neufer wrote:
Zeno's paradox really doesn't work with black hole evaporation because when the hole gets half as small it's radius decreases at a rate four times as fast (i.e., eight times as fast relative to it's size). Radioactive material is only half as radioactive after a half life and would, in fact, (Zeno-like) last forever if not for the fact that there are only a discreet number of atoms.
That argument seems right Art but it's even "less than halfway decent". :wink:
  • "Less than halfway descent" :?:
Ron-Astro Pharmacist wrote:
If Zeno shot an arrow at the black hole... Then for every half the distance it traveled the radius would diminish eight times as fast. Wouldn't the arrow, exponentially, get infinitely far from the radius?
If Zeno shot an arrow at a typical (i.e., non mini) black hole the arrow would at first speed up to near the light speed and then (as time slows down) appear to freeze just before the event horizon.

If Zeno shot an arrow at an evaporating mini-black hole the arrow would at first speed up and then pass harmlessly through the spot where the mini-black hole used to be (unless it was destroyed by Hawking Radiation).

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by JohnD » Tue Feb 02, 2016 5:04 pm

Hawking doesn't! Talk about the Firewall, that is.

Her's his second: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06qjzv8
Cleverly illustrated by blackboard sketches by an artist!

John

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by Ron-Astro Pharmacist » Tue Feb 02, 2016 3:59 pm

neufer wrote:
Ron-Astro Pharmacist wrote:
Chris Peterson wrote: Zeno's paradox really doesn't work with black hole evaporation because when the hole gets half as small it's radius decreases at a rate four times as fast (i.e., eight times as fast relative to it's size). Radioactive material is only half as radioactive after a half life and would, in fact, (Zeno-like) last forever if not for the fact that there are only a discreet number of atoms.
That argument seems right Art but it's even "less than halfway decent". :wink:

If Zeno shot an arrow at the black hole and it hit the radius. Then for every half the distance it traveled the radius would diminish eight times as fast. Wouldn't the arrow, exponentially, get infinitely far from the radius?

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by JohnD » Tue Feb 02, 2016 2:52 pm

Stephen Hawking is this year's Reith Lecturer on the BBC.
(John Reith founded the BBC, and these lectures are an annual even, given by some prominent person, in his memory and that of the values that he set the BBC, "To inform, educate and entertain")

The first is here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03gl17j

I've just heard the start of the second lecture, in which Prof.Hawking says that a BH the mass of the Sun would be very dim in terms of Hawking radiation, but one the mass of a mountain would provide more radiated energy than the World today needs, which puts in to words what alter-ego described. He may go on to talk about the Firewall Paradox in the second lecture, so listen up!
John

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by alter-ego » Tue Feb 02, 2016 7:01 am

Interesting conversation, but I don't think the physics of Hawking Radiation and evaporation times for BH have changed.
The current BH thermodynamics says the smaller the BH the hotter, and the faster emission / evaporation will take place.
Tevap ∝ Mass3
If small BHs were to ever exist, they would go out with a bang.
Wiki wrote: So, for instance, a 1-second-lived black hole has a mass of 2.28 × 105 kg, equivalent to an energy of 2.05 × 1022 J that could be released by 5 × 106 megatons of TNT. The initial power is 6.84 × 1021 W.

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by neufer » Tue Feb 02, 2016 5:39 am

Ron-Astro Pharmacist wrote:
Chris Peterson wrote:
And the most massive black hole will eventually die gently, getting smaller and smaller until it simply disappears.
I dunno Chris. if it gets half as small then half as small - it may take an infinite amount of time... :ssmile:
Zeno's paradox really doesn't work with black hole evaporation because when the hole gets half as small it's radius decreases at a rate four times as fast (i.e., eight times as fast relative to it's size). Radioactive material is only half as radioactive after a half life and would, in fact, (Zeno-like) last forever if not for the fact that there are only a discreet number of atoms.

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by Ann » Tue Feb 02, 2016 5:04 am

Messier.palette, I don't think you have done anything wrong. You are an interesting new voice here, and I hope you won't leave.

It's easy to make mistakes when you are a newbie. If you are willing to take some advice from me, then let me suggest that you try to get a "feel" for the sort of forum this is, and try to post in such a way that its members will find interesting. Do you want to share something that is behind a pay wall? I suggest that you painstakingly copy, word for word, the most interesting passages from the text you want to share. Another idea is to search for the article and the author on the net. Maybe there will be someone else out there who has quoted or commented on that article, and you can quote that.

At the very least, you should probably start by apologizing for the fact that the text you are referring to is behind a pay wall. Accept that most people here aren't willing to pay to be able to read articles on physics, but do please share your opinion that the text you refer to is extremely interesting. Then try to summarize what you find so interesting about it.

I will miss you if you leave.

Ann

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by geckzilla » Tue Feb 02, 2016 2:44 am

Why do you need me to close your account? Just don't log in. Whatever anger you think I'm feeling is actually just confusion. I don't know why you are acting like you care and then saying you don't care to discuss anything.

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by messier.palette » Tue Feb 02, 2016 2:35 am

Geckzilla,

You asked that I not "bother" posting similar links in the future.

I agreed.

At my agreement, which possibly angered you further, you suggested I leave.

Agreed. I haven't been able to find a method to close my account, however, I've requested that the administrators close it. In addition, I've cancelled notifications and everything else I could find to cancel.

Although I don't have any "toys" to take "home," I've done as much as I can to comply with your request, with gratitude.

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by geckzilla » Tue Feb 02, 2016 1:26 am

Yeah, sure, but then they tried to read it and tried to discuss it and you don't want to talk anymore and now you're apparently taking your toys and going home because we didn't all have fun like you wanted us to. Fine? Bye.

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by messier.palette » Tue Feb 02, 2016 1:16 am

geckzilla wrote:Oh, brother. Just don't bother linking to articles with pay walls in the future. Find another reference... SA can't be the sole source of said theory.
Geckzilla,

I posted a link to an article I thought might be interesting to people. I have it in print. Back issues might be available by phone although I don't know that. It's less than a year old and my library still has it.

I'm not a fan of buying online either, but I love to read physics (which is why I bought it in print).

If I had never heard of the article, I would have been grateful to hear of it here because I would have then had the opportunity to visit my library for it. And then, I probably would have called and ordered the back issue, if they are available from SA. (I don't know if they are, but I would have checked.)

So while I can promise never to contribute info at this forum again in the future, I did so a few days ago, as a rose-eyed newbie, because I thought it might be fun for some of you to read.

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by Ron-Astro Pharmacist » Mon Feb 01, 2016 11:02 pm

Chris Peterson wrote:
Ann wrote:I'm too lazy to look it up now, but I'm sure Hawking said that the bigger a black hole is, the longer it takes for it to annihilate itself. For a black hole of a few million solar masses, we are certainly talking about trillions of years.

And since the universe is only ~14 billion years, the chances of a million solar mass black hole destroying itself appears to be zero.
And the most massive black hole will eventually die gently, getting smaller and smaller until it simply disappears.
I dunno Chris. if it gets half as small then half as small - it may take an infinite amount of time... :ssmile:

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by JohnD » Mon Feb 01, 2016 10:14 pm

geckzilla,
No idea if the NS article is about the same work as the SA one, but the coincidence makes it likely.
NS is paywalled same as SA, but I tried to summarise the NS one in my post above.
John

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by geckzilla » Mon Feb 01, 2016 9:53 pm

Oh, brother. Just don't bother linking to articles with pay walls in the future. Find another reference... SA can't be the sole source of said theory.

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by messier.palette » Mon Feb 01, 2016 3:59 pm

Markus Schwarz wrote:Both general relativity and quantum mechanics are incredible successful where they apply (in the "large" and "small", respectively).
I completely ageee.
Markus Schwarz wrote:However, it is also long known that both theories, as we currently understand them, are incompatible. Theoretical calculations either yield infinites, inconsistent results, or paradoxes.
Yup.
Markus Schwarz wrote:I did not read the article in Scientific American
No problem. Your choice, quite rightly.
Markus Schwarz wrote:because it's behind a paywall.
Yes it is, as I mentioned when I posted the link.

You have the link and have chosen not to avail yourself. You may or may not have a nearby library and/or card. But I've discussed this to the extent I'm willing, and I'm trusting you to accept that.

Thank you for understanding.

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by Markus Schwarz » Mon Feb 01, 2016 10:13 am

messier.palette wrote: The first paragraph of my print article says, "...we USED to think that an astronaut falling past the point of no return -- the so-called event horizon -- would not feel anything special."

[Emphasis mine on the operative word.]

The article goes on to describe something different than you are leading people to believe. You haven't even read the article. Make your case after you've read it -- or don't read it, and leave it be.

But don't imagine that the article merely repeats Hawking's POV, when you haven't even read it [and it doesn't].

And for those of you who are interested in the actual possibilities that new information is giving us the chance to ponder, the author, Joseph Polchinski states that what the astronaut might experience is instant death.
Dear Messier Palette,
since you emphasised a sentence of the first paragraph, let me emphasise the title "Black Hole “Firewalls” Could Change Physics Forever" and the subtitle "“Firewalls” of particles may border black holes, confounding both general relativity and quantum mechanics".

Both general relativity and quantum mechanics are incredible successful where they apply (in the "large" and "small", respectively). There is no experiment which is not described by them and both allowed precise predictions, which have been verified. In all our experiments/observations we did so far, we could ignore the influence of the other. We don't have experimental access to a regime where both have to be taken into account (e.g. a large mass, say that of the sun, compressed into a tiny space, say that of an atom). However, it is also long known that both theories, as we currently understand them, are incompatible. Theoretical calculations either yield infinites, inconsistent results, or paradoxes. The firewall paradox is one of them. To resolve it, we would need a theory of quantum gravity, which, alas, we don’t have yet. That is why the title uses the subjunctive rather then the indicative! I did not read the article in Scientific American, because it's behind a paywall. Does it discuss several different approaches to resolve the paradox or does it merely present one (possibly the author's?)?

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by messier.palette » Mon Feb 01, 2016 7:26 am

John,

I haven't been around here much the last couple of days. Needed elsewhere.

You have the link and have chosen not to avail yourself. You may or may not have a nearby library and/or card. But I've discussed this to the extent I'm willing, and I'm trusting you to accept that.

Thank you for your understanding.

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by JohnD » Sun Jan 31, 2016 11:36 am

Messier, are the two article congruent?

If Israel & Thanjuvur are right, isn't this a stab in the heart for Quantum?
John

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by JohnD » Fri Jan 29, 2016 5:54 pm

JohnD wrote:Apologies, speedreading above the limit!
But please messier, precis the contents in your own words. That's no offence to copyright.
I presume it takes the matter further than the previous SA article on the same subject: http://www.scientificamerican.com/artic ... hysicists/ ?
Will Bob get Anne back, or must he make a new life with Carrie?
John
Well, I still can't read that SA article, and messier isn't telling, but I can read New Scientist.
This week's issue has a report which I suspect is about the same papers as the SA one.

The BH Firewall Paradox says that the component of Hawking Radiation that falls in is entangled with what gets out, because information cannot be lost. All the particles are entangled, together.
But Quantum also says that entanglement can only be of a pair of particles.
Hence the paradox, and the result is the firewall at the Horizon.

Israel and Thanjuvur at Victoria U, British Columbia, resolve this by saying it is a personal firewall, for the observer, who must accelerate outwards to stay in place and observe the horizon. It's personal because a distant observer only sees low-energy Hawking radiation, which they say means that the particles aren't all entangled because the information was radiated back by the firewall in the first place, and no information got into the BH. No data in, no data out.

I'm going for a brain cool now, I think I have a firewall coming on.
John

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by Ann » Thu Jan 28, 2016 6:12 am

[wild speculation]The host galaxy of ASASSN-15lh appears to be evolved and therefore metal-rich. But suppose the galaxy had a small, metal-poor companion. Suppose the progenitor of ASASSN-15lh formed in that satellite galaxy, and suppose the progenitor star was very massive and extremely metal-poor, therefore acting in ways we don't understand in our present metal-rich universe.

Suppose the star used up its hydrogen supply and evolved into a super-bright red giant, or an LBV. Suppose that it built a tremendous metal-rich core, but it never got as far as producing iron. Now suppose it began picking up more mass from a companion (or a gas cloud). And just suppose that this extra mass pushed the progenitor of ASASSN-15lh over the limit, not in such a way that it collapsed into a black hole, but rather, like a white dwarf picking up too much gas, it turned into a most terrible H-bomb (or He-bomb). What I'm trying to say is, what if the progenitor star was a supermassive star that was made to explode like a white dwarf star, but with dozens of times the mass? (I know... a white dwarf has a degenerate core, and the star I have described wouldn't have... but still...) [/wild speculation]

Ann

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by JohnD » Wed Jan 27, 2016 2:43 pm

Apologies, speedreading above the limit!

But please messier, precis the contents in your own words. That's no offence to copyright.
I presume it takes the matter further than the previous SA article on the same subject: http://www.scientificamerican.com/artic ... hysicists/ ?

Will Bob get Anne back, or must he make a new life with Carrie?
John

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by messier.palette » Wed Jan 27, 2016 2:16 pm

JohnD wrote:I can't read the whole article, but the first paragraph is nothing new. Hawking describes the falling astronaut who, "would not feel anything special as he reached the critical radius [event horizon]" (Brief History, p.88) Would s/he see anything different? Would light be blue shifted there?
S/he will soon suffer spaghettification as tidal forces begin to pull her/him apart, but we could never see that.

John
No John, you're wrong.

The first paragraph of my print article says, "...we USED to think that an astronaut falling past the point of no return -- the so-called event horizon -- would not feel anything special."

[Emphasis mine on the operative word.]

The article goes on to describe something different than you are leading people to believe. You haven't even read the article. Make your case after you've read it -- or don't read it, and leave it be.

But don't imagine that the article merely repeats Hawking's POV, when you haven't even read it [and it doesn't].

And for those of you who are interested in the actual possibilities that new information is giving us the chance to ponder, the author, Joseph Polchinski states that what the astronaut might experience is instant death.

By the way, I'm not going to quote more from the article beyond the above (all from the first two print paragraphs), but I think they'd be okay with me quoting the title and subtitle, since they're part of the available info at the link (although the print main title is slightly different than the link main title): "BURNING RINGS OF FIRE - "Firewalls" of particles may border black holes, confounding both general relativity and quantum mechanics."

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by JohnD » Wed Jan 27, 2016 12:06 pm

I can't read the whole article, but the first paragraph is nothing new. Hawking describes the falling astronaut who, "would not feel anything special as he reached the critical radius [event horizon]" (Brief History, p.88) Would s/he see anything different? Would light be blue shifted there?
S/he will soon suffer spaghettification as tidal forces begin to pull her/him apart, but we could never see that.

John

Re: APOD: A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet... (2016 Jan 26)

by messier.palette » Wed Jan 27, 2016 11:40 am

For those of you interested in going beyond the current standard thinking regarding black holes, there was an interesting article in Scientific American a few months back. It's a fun read:

http://www.scientificamerican.com/artic ... s-forever/

I have the issue, but it looks like the link isn't free. Nevertheless, with the issue info, perhaps you can get it at your local library, if interested.

Top