APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

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Expand view Topic review: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by neufer » Fri Apr 08, 2016 4:19 pm

Chris Peterson wrote:
neufer wrote:
The catch is:
  • If one wishes on an isolated bright star in another galaxy
    it takes a lot longer to get a response.
Are you suggesting that wishes are bound by special relativity?
Only special wishes...general wishes might make use of a worm hole.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by Chris Peterson » Fri Apr 08, 2016 3:45 pm

neufer wrote:The catch is:
  • If one wishes on an isolated bright star in another galaxy
    it takes a lot longer to get a response.
Are you suggesting that wishes are bound by special relativity?

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by neufer » Fri Apr 08, 2016 3:40 pm

Chris Peterson wrote:
geckzilla wrote:
Coil_Smoke wrote:
At 3 million light years distance, are we seeing individual stars in WLM ?
Yeah, the brightest stars and stellar systems are indeed showing up as single points.
That's the key factor: brightness (and isolation).
And lots of amateur images of galaxies made with small telescopes will show a few isolated bright stars.
The catch is:
  • If one wishes on an isolated bright star in another galaxy
    it takes a lot longer to get a response.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way#Astronomical_history wrote:
<<In Meteorologica (DK 59 A80), Aristotle (384–322 BC) wrote that the Greek philosophers Anaxagoras (c. 500–428 BC) and Democritus (460–370 BC) proposed that the Milky Way might consist of distant stars. The Persian astronomer Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973–1048) proposed that the Milky Way is "a collection of countless fragments of the nature of nebulous stars". The Andalusian astronomer Avempace (d 1138) proposed the Milky Way to be made up of many stars but appears to be a continuous image due to the effect of refraction in Earth's atmosphere. Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya (1292–1350) proposed that the Milky Way is "a myriad of tiny stars packed together in the sphere of the fixed stars" and that these stars are larger than planets. According to Jamil Ragep, the Persian astronomer Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (1201–1274) in his Tadhkira writes: "The Milky Way, i.e. the Galaxy, is made up of a very large number of small, tightly clustered stars, which, on account of their concentration and smallness, seem to be cloudy patches. Because of this, it was likened to milk in color." Actual proof of the Milky Way consisting of many stars came in 1610 when Galileo Galilei used a telescope to study the Milky Way and discovered that it is composed of a huge number of faint stars.>>

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by Chris Peterson » Fri Apr 08, 2016 2:31 pm

geckzilla wrote:
Coil_Smoke wrote:At 3 million light years distance, are we seeing individual stars in WLM ?
Yeah, the brightest stars and stellar systems are indeed showing up as single points.
That's the key factor: brightness (and isolation). Sometimes, all we need is a pair of binoculars to see an individual star in another galaxy- as when there's a supernova! And lots of amateur images of galaxies made with small telescopes will show a few isolated bright stars. The impressive thing that we see with very large telescopes (or HST) is individual stars starting to be resolved out of star clouds.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by neufer » Fri Apr 08, 2016 2:04 pm

geckzilla wrote:
Coil_Smoke wrote:
At 3 million light years distance, are we seeing individual stars in WLM ?
Yeah, the brightest stars and stellar systems are indeed showing up as single points.
  • Not from the stars do I my iudgement plucke,
    And yet me thinkes I haue Astronomy,
    - Sonnet 14
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4603 wrote: <<NGC 4603 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Centaurus. It is a member of the Centaurus Cluster of galaxies, belonging to the section designated "Cen30".

During 1999, this galaxy was the subject of an extended study using the Hubble Space Telescope to locate Cepheid variable stars. A total of 43±7 were found, and the measurement of their periodicity gave a net distance estimate of 108.7 Mly (±5%). This is consistent with the distance estimate determined through redshift measurements. As of the time of this study, NGC 4603 was the most distant galaxy for which a distance estimate had been made using Cepheid variable.

On May 21, 2008, supernova SN 2008cn was discovered at a position 12kly north and 2.5kly east of the galaxy center. It was determined to be a high-luminosity Type II-P supernova, with a progenitor tentatively identified as a red supergiant with 15 ± 2 solar masses. Based upon the yellowish color, it may have been a member of a binary star system.>>

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by Boomer12k » Thu Apr 07, 2016 10:17 pm

Interesting little galaxy.

Wonder why so far at the edge. Wonder why Irregular... as it should develop some structure, I would think, on its own as it is... even elliptical... but there is dust and gas there, as evidenced by Star Formation... maybe it was a LEFT OVER...that got ejected EARLY... a pocket of gas and dust, and it just doesn't have the specific gravity to pull anything together....

Wander on little galaxy...
:---[===] *

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by Chris Peterson » Thu Apr 07, 2016 4:06 pm

bystander wrote:
Chris Peterson wrote: Well, that still doesn't tell me much of anything about the details of today's image, or the subsequent processing. Things like filters, exposure times, and subexposure count (if any) would be very useful information.

Filters and color mapping can be found here.
Thanks. I looked for that earlier. It's pretty well hidden from the linked news page.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by bystander » Thu Apr 07, 2016 3:47 pm

Chris Peterson wrote: Well, that still doesn't tell me much of anything about the details of today's image, or the subsequent processing. Things like filters, exposure times, and subexposure count (if any) would be very useful information.

Filters and color mapping can be found here.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by Fred the Cat » Thu Apr 07, 2016 3:42 pm

You should probably know your neighborhood before venturing out into the wider cosmos. To do that in a great ride is even better. Now to get the best bang for your buck if you want to drive yourself.

Or you could just see them daily on APOD. Nice view of the neighbors!! :D

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by geckzilla » Thu Apr 07, 2016 3:01 pm

Coil_Smoke wrote:At 3 million light years distance, are we seeing individual stars in WLM ?
Yeah, the brightest stars and stellar systems are indeed showing up as single points.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by Coil_Smoke » Thu Apr 07, 2016 2:55 pm

Wow, That's a lot of real estate in that frame. I can't get over how many galaxies there are in the expanded{Double left click}version of this image...The definition of awesome . I am uncertain about the resolving power of these devices. At 3 million light years distance, are we seeing individual stars in WLM ?

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by Chris Peterson » Thu Apr 07, 2016 2:32 pm

neufer wrote:
Chris Peterson wrote:Yeah. I wish there were more details about the shot. That would help in understanding the kind of artifacts we might reasonably expect.
http://www.eso.org/observing/dfo/quality/OMEGACAM/qc/dark_QC1.html wrote:
<<The OmegaCAM dark template consists of three, one-hour exposures taken with the camera shutter closed. The processing consists of rejecting the cosmic ray events and subtracting the bias level. The remaining signal above the bias level is the dark signal, given in units of ADU/pixel/hour. For the reduction of subsequent on-sky observations the subtraction of the sky brightness will include the dark current, and a separation of both contributions is normally not required.>>
Well, that still doesn't tell me much of anything about the details of today's image, or the subsequent processing. Things like filters, exposure times, and subexposure count (if any) would be very useful information.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by neufer » Thu Apr 07, 2016 2:24 pm

Chris Peterson wrote:
geckzilla wrote:
Chris Peterson wrote:
Maybe, but usually asteroids show up as lines that are sequentially red, green, and blue. The isolated red line makes me think it was a more transient event like a meteor, present only during the red exposure.
There are a few more at the top, too. Could also be some odd artifact or dirt.
Yeah. I wish there were more details about the shot. That would help in understanding the kind of artifacts we might reasonably expect.
http://www.eso.org/observing/dfo/quality/OMEGACAM/qc/dark_QC1.html wrote:
<<The OmegaCAM dark template consists of three, one-hour exposures taken with the camera shutter closed. The processing consists of rejecting the cosmic ray events and subtracting the bias level. The remaining signal above the bias level is the dark signal, given in units of ADU/pixel/hour. For the reduction of subsequent on-sky observations the subtraction of the sky brightness will include the dark current, and a separation of both contributions is normally not required.>>

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by Chris Peterson » Thu Apr 07, 2016 2:22 pm

geckzilla wrote:
Chris Peterson wrote:
JPL wrote:I would like to see a picture of remote objects like this stripped of Milky Way stars, assuming it's possible to identify foreground stars. After a lifetime of viewing such pictures, it is difficult to escape the notion that space is cluttered with stars. Such a doctored image, if honestly labelled, might help dispel this misleading feeling of clutter, and in a sense convey more truthfully what is (isn't) out there.
Except near the edges of the galaxy, nearly every star in this image is a foreground star. Removing them would be a rather laborious manual task, however, and one complicated by the fact that many of the objects that appear to be stars are actually background galaxies.
The halo of this galaxy likely extends to the edges of the frame, especially the left and right sides and more sparsely at the top and bottom. Separating the three main layers here would indeed be a strenuous exercise, but I think there may be fewer foreground stars than it looks like. IMO, the vast majority of tiny dots in this image are comprised of WLM and distant, blueish background galaxies. Obviously, I can't say for certain, but this view is well away from the plane of the Milky Way and it is also a relatively narrow field of view. I guess what I really want to say is that these dwarf galaxies are often more extended than one might initially think them to be.
Yes, I thought about this and you might well be correct. It's not at all obvious at this scale where the galaxy's halo actually ends, or how compact the galaxy is.

Galaxies can largely be isolated automatically by looking at their profiles. A handful of obvious foreground stars can be removed on the basis of their intensity. But otherwise, this galaxy is too close to easily distinguish its stars from Milky Way stars by any easily measured characteristics. I think we could look at that area of sky in that region and statistically determine how many local stars should be present, however.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by geckzilla » Thu Apr 07, 2016 2:07 pm

Chris Peterson wrote:
JPL wrote:I would like to see a picture of remote objects like this stripped of Milky Way stars, assuming it's possible to identify foreground stars. After a lifetime of viewing such pictures, it is difficult to escape the notion that space is cluttered with stars. Such a doctored image, if honestly labelled, might help dispel this misleading feeling of clutter, and in a sense convey more truthfully what is (isn't) out there.
Except near the edges of the galaxy, nearly every star in this image is a foreground star. Removing them would be a rather laborious manual task, however, and one complicated by the fact that many of the objects that appear to be stars are actually background galaxies.
The halo of this galaxy likely extends to the edges of the frame, especially the left and right sides and more sparsely at the top and bottom. Separating the three main layers here would indeed be a strenuous exercise, but I think there may be fewer foreground stars than it looks like. IMO, the vast majority of tiny dots in this image are comprised of WLM and distant, blueish background galaxies. Obviously, I can't say for certain, but this view is well away from the plane of the Milky Way and it is also a relatively narrow field of view. I guess what I really want to say is that these dwarf galaxies are often more extended than one might initially think them to be.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by Chris Peterson » Thu Apr 07, 2016 1:55 pm

geckzilla wrote:
Chris Peterson wrote:
geckzilla wrote: I would guess an asteroid that was present during one of the observing sessions. If that's right, then the time between imaging was great enough that it was gone or not yet in the frame by the time the data used for the other two channels (green and blue) was collected.
Maybe, but usually asteroids show up as lines that are sequentially red, green, and blue. The isolated red line makes me think it was a more transient event like a meteor, present only during the red exposure.
There are a few more at the top, too. Could also be some odd artifact or dirt.
Yeah. I wish there were more details about the shot. That would help in understanding the kind of artifacts we might reasonably expect.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by geckzilla » Thu Apr 07, 2016 1:48 pm

Chris Peterson wrote:
geckzilla wrote:
dl martin, canada wrote:what is the red streak at the 6:30 position in the enlarged version?
I would guess an asteroid that was present during one of the observing sessions. If that's right, then the time between imaging was great enough that it was gone or not yet in the frame by the time the data used for the other two channels (green and blue) was collected.
Maybe, but usually asteroids show up as lines that are sequentially red, green, and blue. The isolated red line makes me think it was a more transient event like a meteor, present only during the red exposure.
There are a few more at the top, too. Could also be some odd artifact or dirt.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by Whiskybreath » Thu Apr 07, 2016 1:38 pm

Also interesting is the 'J' shaped object halfway to the bottom of the picture from the centre.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by Chris Peterson » Thu Apr 07, 2016 12:29 pm

JPL wrote:I would like to see a picture of remote objects like this stripped of Milky Way stars, assuming it's possible to identify foreground stars. After a lifetime of viewing such pictures, it is difficult to escape the notion that space is cluttered with stars. Such a doctored image, if honestly labelled, might help dispel this misleading feeling of clutter, and in a sense convey more truthfully what is (isn't) out there.
Except near the edges of the galaxy, nearly every star in this image is a foreground star. Removing them would be a rather laborious manual task, however, and one complicated by the fact that many of the objects that appear to be stars are actually background galaxies.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by heehaw » Thu Apr 07, 2016 12:26 pm

Immediately after posting the above, I turned to http://epod.usra.edu/blog/ as I do each morning --- and found another example!
Try picturing in your mind a row of icicles. Then! go to ESPOD for a shock!

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by heehaw » Thu Apr 07, 2016 12:19 pm

JPL wrote:I would like to see a picture of remote objects like this stripped of Milky Way stars, assuming it's possible to identify foreground stars. After a lifetime of viewing such pictures, it is difficult to escape the notion that space is cluttered with stars. Such a doctored image, if honestly labelled, might help dispel this misleading feeling of clutter, and in a sense convey more truthfully what is (isn't) out there.
I strongly endorse this suggestion. We all get conditioned by seeing the same thing over and over. Often a different perspective can usefully shake up our understanding of what we've seen so often. An example is McArthur's Universal Corrective Map of the World. Another example: I was in the audience decades ago with fellow astronomers trying to sell the idea of Hubble to an ignorant NASA Administrator, and Phil Morrison asked us all to picture in our minds the Andromeda Galaxy. (Do it yourself, right now!) Then Phil announced that we'd all got it completely wrong because of our human restricted perspective: he said "do it again, but this time picture it over a billion years: not only will you see it ROTATING, you will see HUGE NUMBERS OF SUPERNOVAE going off: it will look like a fourth of July pinwheel!" And of course, today, we'd also add, in our minds, the colossal Dark Matter! I like the doctored image suggestion!

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by stargazer » Thu Apr 07, 2016 12:05 pm

Ha! Let's make Hubble to look at them. Where's the control panel? ;-)

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by Chris Peterson » Thu Apr 07, 2016 12:01 pm

stargazer wrote:At 16:00 about half way between Wolf- Lundmark- Melotte and the edge of the picture two interacting galaxies can be seen. Is there a closeup of them in the archive?
These objects are only about 9 arcseconds apart, so this is already pretty much a closeup. At this pixel scale, we're close to seeing limited in terms of resolution, although the source image from this instrument is presumably twice as large, so if the conditions were ideal we might see a bit more there. A Hubble image, however, could place several hundred pixels on a side across them- about 5 times the spatial resolution of the OmegaCAM.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by JPL » Thu Apr 07, 2016 11:59 am

I would like to see a picture of remote objects like this stripped of Milky Way stars, assuming it's possible to identify foreground stars. After a lifetime of viewing such pictures, it is difficult to escape the notion that space is cluttered with stars. Such a doctored image, if honestly labelled, might help dispel this misleading feeling of clutter, and in a sense convey more truthfully what is (isn't) out there.

Re: APOD: Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (2016 Apr 07)

by NCTom » Thu Apr 07, 2016 11:56 am

This is such a rich image of background galaxies. I was surprised at how many doublets did not appear to be line-of-sight pairs, but showed true interaction with star streams connecting them. One was mentioned above. Others lie above and to the right of the primary dwarf galaxy.

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