APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

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Expand view Topic review: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by L. McNish » Fri Sep 20, 2019 2:40 am

I also compared the 1901 image of Orion to one of my recent ones.
Full details at: https://calgary.rasc.ca/orion_star_movement.htm

I found:

9 stars (circled in red) that had moved more than any others (the "brighter" star image is the position in 2019, and the "darker" is from 1901)

1 very red star (circled in green) that was almost invisible in the 1901 image since "the original glass photographic plate was sensitive to green and blue wavelengths"

1 star (circled in blue) that was clearly visible in my 2019 image but not in the 1901 image

1 star (circled in magenta) that was clearly visible in the 1901 image but not in my 2019 image

If the latter two items are indeed the same star, then it's motion over the last 118 years is truly significant.
Attachments
McNish_Orion_star_movement.gif
McNish_Orion_Differences_1901-2019.jpg

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by Chris Peterson » Fri Aug 30, 2019 12:35 pm

Nilesh_Pune wrote: Fri Aug 30, 2019 6:44 am we are able to compare century old image with current image - only because technologies used at that time created data that can be preserved so long.
will the images captured with current technology & data archived today be preserved for a century and retrievable after 100 years- for similar comparison ?
If civilization collapses, a great deal of digital information will be lost. Otherwise, most will probably remain accessible.

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by Nilesh_Pune » Fri Aug 30, 2019 6:44 am

we are able to compare century old image with current image - only because technologies used at that time created data that can be preserved so long.
will the images captured with current technology & data archived today be preserved for a century and retrievable after 100 years- for similar comparison ?

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by alter-ego » Tue Aug 20, 2019 4:41 am

Ann wrote: Mon Aug 19, 2019 10:28 pm Thanks for verifying that those two stars are indeed foreground stars, alter-ego!

Ann
You're welcome, Ann. It is true they are foreground stars but it's not clear I verified them as such just from angular proper motions. Checking the parallaxes, the furthest one of the two is 436 light years away.

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by alter-ego » Tue Aug 20, 2019 4:33 am

FLPhotoCatcher wrote: Mon Aug 19, 2019 4:50 pm Thanks for checking that. There are at least two stars that move more than the two circled ones, though they are fainter. The best candidate for having its movement checked seems to be the one at upper-left, near the darkest patch of dust. Is there a good link to a site to check the star's motions?
...
Yeah, the upper-left star is a swift one. It's angular position change is almost 2x larger → ~20". Just to compare, Bernard's Star angular velocity is ~5x 60x faster than this one. Use the DR2 archive. You'll need to search by name or J2000 RA/Dec (ICRS) coordinates.

Edit: Misread the huge proper motion in declination. Total angular position change in 116 years ~1/3°

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by Ann » Mon Aug 19, 2019 10:28 pm

Thanks for verifying that those two stars are indeed foreground stars, alter-ego!

Ann

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by FLPhotoCatcher » Mon Aug 19, 2019 4:50 pm

alter-ego wrote: Sun Aug 18, 2019 7:24 pm
Chris Peterson wrote: Sun Aug 18, 2019 1:32 pm
orin stepanek wrote: Sun Aug 18, 2019 10:55 am

Tnx! Looks like the Nebula illumination has changed the most! :thumb_up:
I doubt it's changed enough to even measure, let alone see visually. It's not difficult to use two images taken with different technology to evaluate star positions, but it's very hard to do any sort of photometric comparison, given the very different spectral response. The newer image is deeper, and also allows us to see through more dust (probably because of the improved long wavelength response). It's also got more dynamic range.
Out of curiosity, I verified visible proper motions exist.
Despite a small, apparent overlap error between the two images, I picked two unnamed stars, ~10.5 mag, which shifted noticeably different from adjacent stars. I looked up their proper motions in the Gaia DR2 and found they had total (RA and Dec) proper motions of 67 mas/yr and 97 mas/yr. So over 116 years, the calculated positions shifted by 8 to 11 arcseconds which are certainly measurable. Also the component RA and Dec proper motions visually agree with Gaia. One star drifts primarily eastward while the other drifts mostly southward.
 
Star Drifts Over 118 Years.PNG
Thanks for checking that. There are at least two stars that move more than the two circled ones, though they are fainter. The best candidate for having its movement checked seems to be the one at upper-left, near the darkest patch of dust. Is there a good link to a site to check the star's motions?
Just for reference, the moon is about 1860 arcseconds wide, so the star that moved 11 arcseconds in the 116 years moved about 170th of the the moon's diameter. Not very much, it seems.

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by alter-ego » Sun Aug 18, 2019 7:24 pm

Chris Peterson wrote: Sun Aug 18, 2019 1:32 pm
orin stepanek wrote: Sun Aug 18, 2019 10:55 am
FLPhotoCatcher wrote: Sun Aug 18, 2019 4:45 am

Sorry for the late reply - here is a gif I made of the 1901 image and an image of it taken in 2017. Clicking it should open a larger version. Over those 116 years, there are a few stars that moved quite a bit!
Tnx! Looks like the Nebula illumination has changed the most! :thumb_up:
I doubt it's changed enough to even measure, let alone see visually. It's not difficult to use two images taken with different technology to evaluate star positions, but it's very hard to do any sort of photometric comparison, given the very different spectral response. The newer image is deeper, and also allows us to see through more dust (probably because of the improved long wavelength response). It's also got more dynamic range.
Out of curiosity, I verified visible proper motions exist.
Despite a small, apparent overlap error between the two images, I picked two unnamed stars, ~10.5 mag, which shifted noticeably different from adjacent stars. I looked up their proper motions in the Gaia DR2 and found they had total (RA and Dec) proper motions of 67 mas/yr and 97 mas/yr. So over 116 years, the calculated positions shifted by 8 to 11 arcseconds which are certainly measurable. Also the component RA and Dec proper motions visually agree with Gaia. One star drifts primarily eastward while the other drifts mostly southward.
 
Star Drifts Over 118 Years.PNG

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by Chris Peterson » Sun Aug 18, 2019 1:32 pm

orin stepanek wrote: Sun Aug 18, 2019 10:55 am
FLPhotoCatcher wrote: Sun Aug 18, 2019 4:45 am
orin stepanek wrote: Sat Aug 17, 2019 11:46 am Beautiful 1901 image! Has it been compared to images from todays images to see any changes over the last 118 years? :rocketship:
Sorry for the late reply - here is a gif I made of the 1901 image and an image of it taken in 2017. Clicking it should open a larger version. Over those 116 years, there are a few stars that moved quite a bit!
Tnx! Looks like the Nebula illumination has changed the most! :thumb_up:
I doubt it's changed enough to even measure, let alone see visually. It's not difficult to use two images taken with different technology to evaluate star positions, but it's very hard to do any sort of photometric comparison, given the very different spectral response. The newer image is deeper, and also allows us to see through more dust (probably because of the improved long wavelength response). It's also got more dynamic range.

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by Ann » Sun Aug 18, 2019 12:40 pm

FLPhotoCatcher wrote: Sun Aug 18, 2019 4:45 am
orin stepanek wrote: Sat Aug 17, 2019 11:46 am Beautiful 1901 image! Has it been compared to images from todays images to see any changes over the last 118 years? :rocketship:
Sorry for the late reply - here is a gif I made of the 1901 image and an image of it taken in 2017. Clicking it should open a larger version. Over those 116 years, there are a few stars that moved quite a bit!
Very very interesting, FLPhotoCatcher! :D

Ann

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by orin stepanek » Sun Aug 18, 2019 10:55 am

FLPhotoCatcher wrote: Sun Aug 18, 2019 4:45 am
orin stepanek wrote: Sat Aug 17, 2019 11:46 am Beautiful 1901 image! Has it been compared to images from todays images to see any changes over the last 118 years? :rocketship:
Sorry for the late reply - here is a gif I made of the 1901 image and an image of it taken in 2017. Clicking it should open a larger version. Over those 116 years, there are a few stars that moved quite a bit!
Tnx! Looks like the Nebula illumination has changed the most! :thumb_up:

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by Ann » Sun Aug 18, 2019 5:00 am

pferkul wrote: Sun Aug 18, 2019 12:11 am
Ann wrote: Sat Aug 17, 2019 12:39 pm Great picture, Boomer! :D

....
The reason for the strange appearance of Betelgeuse in old astronomical photographs is that these photographs were made using blue and ultraviolet-sensitive plates, and Betelgeuse emits so little blue light that it virtually disappeared in those photographs!
...
Note that you can actually see Barnard's Loop, but Betelgeuse is insignificant to say the least.
...
But isn't Barnard's Loop emitting principally in red wavelengths as well?
Paul
It absolutely is. My own explanation is that there must be ultraviolet light in Barnard's Arc as well as the dominant red. Remember that it is ultraviolet light that makes hydrogen glow red in the first place. The blue-sensitive emulsion used for the photographic plates was even more sensitive to ultraviolet than to blue light. The ultraviolet component is why Barnard's Arc would have showed up.

Ann

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by FLPhotoCatcher » Sun Aug 18, 2019 4:45 am

orin stepanek wrote: Sat Aug 17, 2019 11:46 am Beautiful 1901 image! Has it been compared to images from todays images to see any changes over the last 118 years? :rocketship:
Sorry for the late reply - here is a gif I made of the 1901 image and an image of it taken in 2017. Clicking it should open a larger version. Over those 116 years, there are a few stars that moved quite a bit!
Attachments
Moving Stars
Moving Stars

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by ta152h0 » Sun Aug 18, 2019 1:25 am

Orion has been around for that long? pass the ice cold one

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by Iksarfighter » Sun Aug 18, 2019 12:58 am

Absolument magnifique !

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by pferkul » Sun Aug 18, 2019 12:11 am

Ann wrote: Sat Aug 17, 2019 12:39 pm Great picture, Boomer! :D

....
The reason for the strange appearance of Betelgeuse in old astronomical photographs is that these photographs were made using blue and ultraviolet-sensitive plates, and Betelgeuse emits so little blue light that it virtually disappeared in those photographs!
...
Note that you can actually see Barnard's Loop, but Betelgeuse is insignificant to say the least.
...
But isn't Barnard's Loop emitting principally in red wavelengths as well?

Paul

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by Chris Peterson » Sat Aug 17, 2019 3:04 pm

heehaw wrote: Sat Aug 17, 2019 2:40 pm When I saw this APOD I almost cried: I've not seen a real astronomical photograph in many years! All they have now are these colorful picture postcard things! Seriously, it was not that long ago that ALL astronomical photographs were black-and-white. Then a very few color images began to appear. And now... But keep in mind that in "seeing" anything astronomical (or indeed, anything at all) we are getting a superficial representation of an incredibly complex reality. We tend to take far too seriously what we see. The extreme example is pictures of galaxies, where we are totally missing most of what is really there!
I appreciate modern B&W astronomical images. And I appreciate today's image for its historical interest. But it also shows- profoundly- the huge limitations of film. Any competent imager today can capture so much more with an electronic sensor and a small telescope.

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by heehaw » Sat Aug 17, 2019 2:40 pm

When I saw this APOD I almost cried: I've not seen a real astronomical photograph in many years! All they have now are these colorful picture postcard things! Seriously, it was not that long ago that ALL astronomical photographs were black-and-white. Then a very few color images began to appear. And now... But keep in mind that in "seeing" anything astronomical (or indeed, anything at all) we are getting a superficial representation of an incredibly complex reality. We tend to take far too seriously what we see. The extreme example is pictures of galaxies, where we are totally missing most of what is really there!

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by starsurfer » Sat Aug 17, 2019 1:08 pm

Henry Draper would be proud! :D

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by Ann » Sat Aug 17, 2019 12:39 pm

Great picture, Boomer! :D

For myself, I've literally spent hours trying to find a picture I remember, an old photographic plate of the Orion constellation, where Betelgeuse is almost invisible. The reason for the strange appearance of Betelgeuse in old astronomical photographs is that these photographs were made using blue and ultraviolet-sensitive plates, and Betelgeuse emits so little blue light that it virtually disappeared in those photographs! :shock: None of the pictures I found is not the one I was looking for, but they will have to do:

Orion photographed in 1890 by William Pickering.
Note that you can actually see Barnard's Loop,
but Betelgeuse is insignificant to say the least.
The Horsehead Nebula.
Harvard College Observatory, 1888.

In the picture at left, Orion's Belt with Almilam, Alnitak and Mintaka (above center) is so overexposed that it looks like one elongated blob. The Orion Nebula (center) looks like another blob, and Rigel (center right) is so overexposed that it looks like yet another blob. Bellatrix (top right) and Saiph (center left) look bright. But Betelgeuse, top left, looks really faint, since the photo was made with a blue-sensitive photographic emulsion.

The other picture is the one in which the Horsehead Nebula was first discovered. Two Orion Belt's stars, Alnitak, center left, and Alnilam (top left), look very bright. The Flame Nebula looks like some faint fluff to the lower left of Alnitak. The Horsehead Nebula is just faintly visible as a dark shape to the right of Alnitak.

Astrophotography has come a long way, baby. But unsurprisingly enough, I like those old blue-sensitive pictures. :wink:

Ann

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by orin stepanek » Sat Aug 17, 2019 11:46 am

Beautiful 1901 image! Has it been compared to images from todays images to see any changes over the last 118 years? :rocketship:

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by Boomer12k » Sat Aug 17, 2019 8:29 am

Isn't that amazing?!
Look at the detail around the edges of the nebula, and if you stand on your head you can make out "The Running Man Nebula" at bottom...

Here is an 1890's image of the Pleiades, I found...I don't know any details about the photo, sorry...

:---[===] *
Attachments
Pleiades 1890s.png

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by thearborist » Sat Aug 17, 2019 6:13 am

There appears to be a comet at left center of the image. Would this be Encke?

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by Chris Peterson » Sat Aug 17, 2019 4:58 am

Bay Area John wrote: Sat Aug 17, 2019 4:28 am There appears to be a long tiny vertical panorama along the left edge of the image. It seems there should be a story behind that.... and I'd like to read it.
I think it's just the distorted emulsion coating along the edge of the glass plate.

Re: APOD: 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula (2019 Aug 17)

by Bay Area John » Sat Aug 17, 2019 4:28 am

There appears to be a long tiny vertical panorama along the left edge of the image. It seems there should be a story behind that.... and I'd like to read it.

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