by neufer » Wed Aug 11, 2021 6:30 pm
DonB312 wrote: ↑Wed Aug 11, 2021 5:46 pm
Years ago, someone posted on this board what the word "mammatus"
means in latin. Since then, that's what comes to mind whenever someone mentions (or I see a picture of) this type of cloud.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal wrote:
<<Mammals (from Latin mamma, 'breast') are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia , and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and
three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which they diverged in the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. Around 6,400 extant species of mammals have been described. The largest orders are the rodents, bats and Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, moles, shrews, and others). The next three are the Primates (including humans, apes, monkeys, and others), the Artiodactyla (cetaceans and even-toed ungulates), and the Carnivora (cats, dogs, seals, and others). The earliest mammals were likely nocturnal insectivores. This suggests a plausible source of evolutionary pressure: with these small bones in the middle ear, a mammal has extended its range of hearing for higher-pitched sounds which would improve the detection of insects in the dark.>>
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammatus_cloud#Hypothesized_formation_mechanisms wrote:
<<The existence of many different types of mammatus clouds, each with distinct properties and occurring in distinct environments, has given rise to multiple hypotheses on their formation, which are also relevant to other cloud forms. One environmental trend is shared by all of the formation mechanisms hypothesized for mammatus clouds: sharp gradients in temperature, moisture and momentum (wind shear) across the anvil cloud/sub-cloud air boundary, which strongly influence interactions therein.
The plenitude of [at least 10 different] proposed formation mechanisms shows, if nothing else, that the mammatus cloud is generally poorly understood.>>
[quote=DonB312 post_id=315766 time=1628703987 user_id=106172]
Years ago, someone posted on this board what the word "mammatus" [url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/mammatus]means[/url] in latin. Since then, that's what comes to mind whenever someone mentions (or I see a picture of) this type of cloud.[/quote]
[list]Try to concentrate instead on [url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles]the three ossicles[/url]: the malleus, incus, & stapes.[/list]
[quote=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal]
[float=left][img3=""]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Mammal_middle_ear.png[/img3][/float]
<<Mammals (from Latin mamma, 'breast') are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia , and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and [b][u][color=#0000FF]three middle ear bones[/color][/u][/b]. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which they diverged in the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. Around 6,400 extant species of mammals have been described. The largest orders are the rodents, bats and Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, moles, shrews, and others). The next three are the Primates (including humans, apes, monkeys, and others), the Artiodactyla (cetaceans and even-toed ungulates), and the Carnivora (cats, dogs, seals, and others). The earliest mammals were likely nocturnal insectivores. This suggests a plausible source of evolutionary pressure: with these small bones in the middle ear, a mammal has extended its range of hearing for higher-pitched sounds which would improve the detection of insects in the dark.>>[/quote] [quote=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammatus_cloud#Hypothesized_formation_mechanisms]
<<The existence of many different types of mammatus clouds, each with distinct properties and occurring in distinct environments, has given rise to multiple hypotheses on their formation, which are also relevant to other cloud forms. One environmental trend is shared by all of the formation mechanisms hypothesized for mammatus clouds: sharp gradients in temperature, moisture and momentum (wind shear) across the anvil cloud/sub-cloud air boundary, which strongly influence interactions therein. [b][u][color=#0000FF]The plenitude of [at least 10 different] proposed formation mechanisms shows, if nothing else, that the mammatus cloud is generally poorly understood.[/color][/u][/b]>>[/quote]