APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Comments and questions about the APOD on the main view screen.
User avatar
APOD Robot
Otto Posterman
Posts: 5603
Joined: Fri Dec 04, 2009 3:27 am

APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by APOD Robot » Mon Mar 07, 2011 5:12 am

Image A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO

Explanation: One of the most spectacular solar sights is an erupting prominence. Two weeks ago, NASA's Sun-orbiting Solar Dynamic Observatory spacecraft imaged an impressively large prominence erupting from the surface. The dramatic explosion was captured in ultraviolet light in the above time lapse video covering 90 minutes, where a new frame was taken every 24 seconds. The scale of the prominence is huge -- the entire Earth would easily fit under the flowing curtain of hot gas. A solar prominence is channeled and sometimes held above the Sun's surface by the Sun's magnetic field. A quiescent prominence typically lasts about a month, and may erupt in a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) expelling hot gas into the Solar System. The energy mechanism that creates a solar prominence is still a topic of research. As the Sun progresses toward Solar Maximum in the next few years, solar activity like eruptive prominences are expected to become more common.

<< Previous APODDiscuss Any APOD Next APOD >>
[/b]

User avatar
bystander
Apathetic Retiree
Posts: 21593
Joined: Mon Aug 28, 2006 2:06 pm
Location: Oklahoma

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by bystander » Mon Mar 07, 2011 5:38 am

Know the quiet place within your heart and touch the rainbow of possibility; be
alive to the gentle breeze of communication, and please stop being such a jerk.
— Garrison Keillor

User avatar
neufer
Vacationer at Tralfamadore
Posts: 18805
Joined: Mon Jan 21, 2008 1:57 pm
Location: Alexandria, Virginia

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by neufer » Mon Mar 07, 2011 12:20 pm

APOD Robot wrote:Image A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO

The scale of the prominence is huge -- the entire Earth would easily fit under the flowing curtain of hot gas.
The video is awesome and the prominence is huge... but we all know that the earth is a tiny insignificant little marble.

I remember my dad taking me downtown to the Smithsonian in the mid 50's once to see black & white movies of prominences erupting. It was pretty neat back then.
Art Neuendorffer

User avatar
NoelC
Creepy Spock
Posts: 876
Joined: Sun Nov 20, 2005 2:30 am
Location: South Florida, USA; I just work in (cyber)space

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by NoelC » Mon Mar 07, 2011 1:43 pm

I always get my gas and plasma mixed up... Do they behave the same at this scale?

That thing is HUGE! Given that it was a significant size as compared to the size of the solar disk, and just about as bright, would we have felt the sunlight being particularly bright/hot during that eruption, if we had been outside under a clear sky? Would we have gotten a sunburn significantly faster in that hour and a half period?
we all know that the earth is a tiny insignificant little marble.
Graphically...
EarthSunRelationship.jpg
-Noel
You do not have the required permissions to view the files attached to this post.

row

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by row » Mon Mar 07, 2011 2:06 pm

does an increase in solar activity translate into a greater amount of solar energy hitting earth?

User avatar
Chris Peterson
Abominable Snowman
Posts: 18615
Joined: Wed Jan 31, 2007 11:13 pm
Location: Guffey, Colorado, USA

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by Chris Peterson » Mon Mar 07, 2011 3:13 pm

row wrote:does an increase in solar activity translate into a greater amount of solar energy hitting earth?
When the Sun is at its greatest level of activity (solar maximum) it outputs about 0.1% more total energy than it does when it is at its lowest level of activity (solar minimum). This difference is related to the overall behavior of the Sun, and not individual events like this eruption. Any transient change in energy output during this eruption was too small to be detected. As impressive as events like this appear, they represent an insignificant amount of energy compared with the total energy output of the Sun.
Chris

*****************************************
Chris L Peterson
Cloudbait Observatory
https://www.cloudbait.com

User avatar
Chris Peterson
Abominable Snowman
Posts: 18615
Joined: Wed Jan 31, 2007 11:13 pm
Location: Guffey, Colorado, USA

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by Chris Peterson » Mon Mar 07, 2011 3:19 pm

NoelC wrote:I always get my gas and plasma mixed up... Do they behave the same at this scale?
Plasma is gas- gas with a significant amount of free charged particles. The behavior isn't a matter of scale- plasma behaves differently than neutral gas if there are electrical or magnetic fields present. With these solar eruptions we are seeing plasma acting under the influence of the Sun's magnetic field.
That thing is HUGE! Given that it was a significant size as compared to the size of the solar disk, and just about as bright, would we have felt the sunlight being particularly bright/hot during that eruption, if we had been outside under a clear sky? Would we have gotten a sunburn significantly faster in that hour and a half period?
The eruption is of very tenuous gas. Its energy is insignificant compared with that of the Sun as a whole. The change in total energy output during this event was probably not measurable- at least, not from the surface of the Earth.
Chris

*****************************************
Chris L Peterson
Cloudbait Observatory
https://www.cloudbait.com

User avatar
orin stepanek
Plutopian
Posts: 8200
Joined: Wed Jul 27, 2005 3:41 pm
Location: Nebraska

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by orin stepanek » Mon Mar 07, 2011 3:24 pm

The videos were awesome! :shock: It's hard to imagine that the sun will burn for 5 billion more years as much material as it is expelling. :roll:
Orin

Smile today; tomorrow's another day!

User avatar
neufer
Vacationer at Tralfamadore
Posts: 18805
Joined: Mon Jan 21, 2008 1:57 pm
Location: Alexandria, Virginia

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by neufer » Mon Mar 07, 2011 3:30 pm

Chris Peterson wrote:
row wrote:
does an increase in solar activity translate into a greater amount of solar energy hitting earth?
When the Sun is at its greatest level of activity (solar maximum) it outputs about 0.1% more total energy than it does when it is at its lowest level of activity (solar minimum). This difference is related to the overall behavior of the Sun, and not individual events like this eruption. Any transient change in energy output during this eruption was too small to be detected. As impressive as events like this appear, they represent an insignificant amount of energy compared with the total energy output of the Sun.
When the Sun is at its greatest level of activity (solar maximum) it outputs about 10% more ULTRAVIOLET energy than it does when it is at its lowest level of activity (solar minimum). This causes the Earth's Stratopause to be about 10K warmer than normal which, in turn, makes the Stratosphere somewhat less stable dynamically.
Art Neuendorffer

User avatar
neufer
Vacationer at Tralfamadore
Posts: 18805
Joined: Mon Jan 21, 2008 1:57 pm
Location: Alexandria, Virginia

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by neufer » Mon Mar 07, 2011 3:32 pm

orin stepanek wrote:
The videos were awesome! :shock: It's hard to imagine that the sun will burn for 5 billion more years as much material as it is expelling. :roll:
Most of that material can be seen to be falling back into the sun in an equally awesome fashion.
Art Neuendorffer

User avatar
Chris Peterson
Abominable Snowman
Posts: 18615
Joined: Wed Jan 31, 2007 11:13 pm
Location: Guffey, Colorado, USA

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by Chris Peterson » Mon Mar 07, 2011 3:54 pm

neufer wrote:When the Sun is at its greatest level of activity (solar maximum) it outputs about 10% more ULTRAVIOLET energy than it does when it is at its lowest level of activity (solar minimum). This causes the Earth's Stratopause to be about 10K warmer than normal which, in turn, makes the Stratosphere somewhat less stable dynamically.
You need to be a bit careful with comments like this, because there is a real potential for confusion. The solar variation in UV is highly dependent on wavelength. Between 200 and 300 nanometers, the variation is 1-2%; this spectral range accounts for about 1% of the Sun's total output. Below 200nm, the variation gets much larger, reaching as much as 50% in the extreme UV. However, these regions account for an even smaller percentage of the Sun's energy output.

As you note, the variations in UV output do affect the upper atmosphere, but it is important to recognize that they are not significant when considering the variation in total solar irradiance- that is, when considering just total energy output.
Chris

*****************************************
Chris L Peterson
Cloudbait Observatory
https://www.cloudbait.com

User avatar
NoelC
Creepy Spock
Posts: 876
Joined: Sun Nov 20, 2005 2:30 am
Location: South Florida, USA; I just work in (cyber)space

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by NoelC » Mon Mar 07, 2011 10:53 pm

Well, I'm seeing plainly, in this video reportedly shot in UV light, that the VERY large prominence is equally bright as the sun. You say it's tenuous gas, Chris, but that doesn't change the observation that it's brilliant. Some parts of it are even a lot brighter than the photosphere overall.

Just as a guess, though we can't see it all I'd say the size of this flare is at least 10% of the apparent size of the solar disk at some points. If Neufer's figures are an overall average measurement, then in an instantaneous fashion - i.e., over the 90 minute period of this particular huge flare - it seems to me one could expect to get a sunburn noticeably faster.

I don't see numbers of this size as negligible. Did I make a mistake somewhere here?

-Noel

User avatar
Chris Peterson
Abominable Snowman
Posts: 18615
Joined: Wed Jan 31, 2007 11:13 pm
Location: Guffey, Colorado, USA

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by Chris Peterson » Mon Mar 07, 2011 11:33 pm

NoelC wrote:Well, I'm seeing plainly, in this video reportedly shot in UV light, that the VERY large prominence is equally bright as the sun. You say it's tenuous gas, Chris, but that doesn't change the observation that it's brilliant. Some parts of it are even a lot brighter than the photosphere overall.

Just as a guess, though we can't see it all I'd say the size of this flare is at least 10% of the apparent size of the solar disk at some points. If Neufer's figures are an overall average measurement, then in an instantaneous fashion - i.e., over the 90 minute period of this particular huge flare - it seems to me one could expect to get a sunburn noticeably faster.

I don't see numbers of this size as negligible. Did I make a mistake somewhere here?
This is an extreme UV image: recorded with the AIA camera at 30.4 nm. That's a strong HeII emission line, but the energy output of the Sun in this band is on the order of a few ten-thousandths of its total energy output. So seeing this flare against the background energy is probably impossible with our measurement technology- we only see it here because we boost the contrast by blocking almost all the other energy. It's the same reason you can see prominences in narrow H-alpha, but not in white light; they simply don't have enough energy to be seen against the total solar output.

And of course, when it comes to sunburns, absolutely none of this 30 nm extreme UV makes it to the surface of the Earth.
Chris

*****************************************
Chris L Peterson
Cloudbait Observatory
https://www.cloudbait.com

User avatar
NoelC
Creepy Spock
Posts: 876
Joined: Sun Nov 20, 2005 2:30 am
Location: South Florida, USA; I just work in (cyber)space

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by NoelC » Mon Mar 07, 2011 11:42 pm

Ah, oversimplifying the term "UV" was my mistake then. Thanks for that.

-Noel

User avatar
Beyond
500 Gigaderps
Posts: 6889
Joined: Tue Aug 04, 2009 11:09 am
Location: BEYONDER LAND

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by Beyond » Tue Mar 08, 2011 1:51 am

NoelC wrote:Ah, oversimplifying the term "UV" was my mistake then. Thanks for that.

-Noel
At least you didn't get 'burned' for your missteak :!:
To find the Truth, you must go Beyond.

APOD_admirer
Asternaut
Posts: 6
Joined: Wed Mar 09, 2011 4:48 pm

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by APOD_admirer » Wed Mar 09, 2011 5:11 pm

Greetings all,

A newbie question:

In the last few seconds of the video, the some of the ejecta appears to flow in reverse, back towards where it came from. I found this fascinating.

Does anyone know why the flow moves in that way ? I'd be most grateful for any info.

Thanks very much,
APOD_admirer

User avatar
bystander
Apathetic Retiree
Posts: 21593
Joined: Mon Aug 28, 2006 2:06 pm
Location: Oklahoma

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by bystander » Wed Mar 09, 2011 5:32 pm

APOD_admirer wrote:In the last few seconds of the video, the some of the ejecta appears to flow in reverse, back towards where it came from. I found this fascinating.

Does anyone know why the flow moves in that way ? I'd be most grateful for any info.
Plasma rain
SDO Observes Massive Eruption, Scorching Rain
Know the quiet place within your heart and touch the rainbow of possibility; be
alive to the gentle breeze of communication, and please stop being such a jerk.
— Garrison Keillor

APOD_admirer
Asternaut
Posts: 6
Joined: Wed Mar 09, 2011 4:48 pm

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by APOD_admirer » Thu Mar 10, 2011 7:32 am

prominence with ellipse.JPG
Click on image to enlarge
bystander, thank you for the link on "plasma rain" ! Very interesting !

Please have a look at the image with this post. It's from about the 13sec mark in the Youtube video. I've enclosed the area of interest in an ellipse. Maybe my eyes are playing tricks on me, but the flow looks like it's backtracking... watch from about 10sec to the end.

Honestly, thinking a little further, I wonder if the flow "appears" to reverse due to some sort of cooling upon expansion. But, what do I know...

Thanks again !

APOD_admirer
You do not have the required permissions to view the files attached to this post.

User avatar
BMAONE23
Commentator Model 1.23
Posts: 4076
Joined: Wed Feb 23, 2005 6:55 pm
Location: California

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by BMAONE23 » Thu Mar 10, 2011 4:01 pm

As a Guess,
These solar prominences form on, follow and flow along magnetic lines. Some inherent property within them is evidently ruled by magnetism. I would think that as the force of the eruption lessens, the force of gravity gets stronger than the repulsive force behind the prominence and the material is pulled back to the surface, but because they are directed along the magnetic paths they follow, they backtrack along the magnetic field line instead of just falling straight down.

User avatar
Chris Peterson
Abominable Snowman
Posts: 18615
Joined: Wed Jan 31, 2007 11:13 pm
Location: Guffey, Colorado, USA

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by Chris Peterson » Thu Mar 10, 2011 4:52 pm

BMAONE23 wrote:As a Guess,
These solar prominences form on, follow and flow along magnetic lines. Some inherent property within them is evidently ruled by magnetism. I would think that as the force of the eruption lessens, the force of gravity gets stronger than the repulsive force behind the prominence and the material is pulled back to the surface, but because they are directed along the magnetic paths they follow, they backtrack along the magnetic field line instead of just falling straight down.
Also, consider that we are seeing a 3D structure in 2D projection. We can't easily tell the difference between material reversing and following the same path back, and material coming over the top of an arched loop and traveling back down the other side, where the arch is being seen edge-on.
Chris

*****************************************
Chris L Peterson
Cloudbait Observatory
https://www.cloudbait.com

APOD_admirer
Asternaut
Posts: 6
Joined: Wed Mar 09, 2011 4:48 pm

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by APOD_admirer » Thu Mar 10, 2011 9:31 pm

To bystander, BMAONE, and Chris,

thank you for the ideas, especially the info on magnetism and what can happen when a 3D structure is projected on 2D.

APOD_admirer

laura_abc
Asternaut
Posts: 6
Joined: Mon Oct 24, 2011 10:25 am

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by laura_abc » Mon Oct 24, 2011 4:19 pm

omg... the plasma rain video is fantastic! do you have more?

User avatar
Rauf
Science Officer
Posts: 232
Joined: Tue Oct 09, 2018 3:47 pm

Re: APOD: A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO (2011 Mar 07)

Post by Rauf » Tue Jun 27, 2023 1:24 pm

Is there no way to watch this video or similar deleted videos again?