MPS: Where comets emit dust

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MPS: Where comets emit dust

Post by bystander » Mon Apr 26, 2010 4:45 pm

Where comets emit dust
Max Plank Society - 26 April 2010
Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research identify the active regions on the surface of comets.

Studying comets can be quite dangerous - especially from close up. Because the tiny particles of dust emitted into space from the so-called active regions on a comet’s surface can damage space probes. Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Germany have now developed a computer model that can locate these regions using only the information available from Earth. The new method could help calculate a safe flight route for ESA’s space probe Rosetta, which is scheduled to arrive at the comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014.
A numerical model of cometary dust coma structures - Application to comet 9P/Tempel 1
Aims. The purpose of this study is to test our numerical model of cometary dust coma structures and to use the results to infer information about the nucleus surface activity of comet 9P/Tempel 1.

Methods. Parameters on the activity were first estimated from simulations of ground-based observation acquired during the pre-perihelion period (January to June 2005) and compared with published results for the same period. The parameters retrieved were then used to simulate previously unpublished images of the comet acquired during the post-perihelion period (in July and August 2005).

Results. Our model was able to retrieve the spin axis orientation of comet 9P/Tempel 1 as well as information on active regions at the surface of the nucleus. We could localize at least six active areas and characterize them with parameters such as the velocity of the dust particles, grain size, and activity profile. Our model confirms published results from spacecraft measurements but is also able to make realistic predictions on the evolution of the coma morphology during the post-perihelion period.

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