AAS NOVA — Research Highlights 2020

Find out the latest thinking about our universe.
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Re: LIGO/Virgo’s Newest Merger Defies Mass Expectations

Post by BDanielMayfield » Fri Sep 04, 2020 7:08 pm

bystander wrote: Fri Sep 04, 2020 5:53 pm
BDanielMayfield wrote: Fri Sep 04, 2020 5:30 pm Was this GW event also detected by other em radiation telescopes?

Follow the links :wink:
bystander wrote: Thu Sep 03, 2020 10:01 pm viewtopic.php?t=40963
bystander wrote: Wed Sep 02, 2020 5:20 pm viewtopic.php?t=40714
bystander wrote: Fri Jun 26, 2020 2:13 pm Black Hole Collision May Have Exploded with Light
California Institute of Technology | 2020 Jun 25

Possible Flare from Black Hole Merger
APS Physics Focus | 2020 Jun 25

Candidate Electromagnetic Counterpart to the Binary Black Hole
Merger Gravitational-Wave Event S190521g
~ M. J. Graham et al
Yes Oh Link master (with respectful thanks). I thought that this was the case, but was uncertain. I see from the wording of the article titles that the causative link between the GW and EM signals is a bit uncertain too.

If this is confirmed it would be only the second event in the history of multi-messenger astronomy :?: :!:
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History as Told by a Merger Background

Post by bystander » Sat Sep 12, 2020 2:50 pm

History as Told by a Merger Background
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Sep 04
Tarini Konchady wrote:
To know the rate of binary black hole mergers over the lifetime of the universe is to know more about the universe’s evolution. For instance, how were binary black holes first created? Did ancient stars in the early universe play a role? And where does chemical composition come into the picture?

But before all that, we first need to answer this question: how do you even determine the history of binary black hole mergers? ...
Shouts and Murmurs: Combining Individual Gravitational-Wave Sources with the
Stochastic Background to Measure the History of Binary Black Hole Mergers
~ Thomas Callister et al
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An Update on Fast Radio Bursts: New Discovery in Our Own Galaxy

Post by bystander » Sat Sep 12, 2020 3:03 pm

An Update on Fast Radio Bursts:
New Discovery in Our Own Galaxy

NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Sep 09
Susanna Kohler wrote:
Have we recently spotted the first equivalent of a fast radio burst (FRB) — a mysterious and brief extragalactic flash of radio emission — in our own galaxy? Some astronomers think so, and argue that the new discovery solidifies the connection between these exotic radio bursts and powerfully magnetized neutron stars. ...

INTEGRAL Discovery of a Burst with Associated Radio Emission from the Magnetar SGR 1935+2154 ~ S. Mereghetti et al Implications of a Fast Radio Burst from a Galactic Magnetar ~ Ben Margalit et al
viewtopic.php?p=302683#p302683
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A Satellite for Eurybates

Post by bystander » Sat Sep 12, 2020 3:15 pm

A Satellite for Eurybates
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Sep 11
Susanna Kohler wrote:
Next year, the Lucy space probe will launch on a journey to visit several asteroids in our solar system. One of its destinations, 3548 Eurybates, has recently been discovered to harbor a satellite — providing Lucy with a new target to explore. ...

Detection of a Satellite of the Trojan Asteroid (3548) Eurybates — A Lucy Mission Target ~ K. S. Noll et al
viewtopic.php?t=38842
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Forecasting Eruptions of Solar Flares

Post by bystander » Thu Sep 17, 2020 4:36 pm

Forecasting Eruptions of Solar Flares
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Sep 16
Susanna Kohler wrote:
Can we tell when a solar flare will lead to a potentially hazardous eruption of plasma from the Sun? A new look at hundreds of past solar flares may provide some clues. ...

Magnetic Flux of Active Regions Determining the Eruptive Character of Large Solar Flares ~ Ting Li et al
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Different Views of a Fast Radio Burst

Post by bystander » Tue Sep 29, 2020 7:43 pm

Different Views of a Fast Radio Burst
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Sep 18
Tarini Konchady wrote:
Fast radio bursts are perplexing astrophysical phenomena. As their name suggests, they’re essentially short radio signals, but they pack a surprising amount of energy. More unusual is that some fast radio bursts repeat, while others are one-off events.

Repeating fast radio bursts present an opportunity to study bursts in more detail. So what do we see when we observe a burst at multiple frequencies simultaneously? ...

A Dual-band Radio Observation of FRB 121102 with the
Deep Space Network and the Detection of Multiple Bursts
~ Walid A. Majid et al
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Taking Stock of Backyard Worlds

Post by bystander » Tue Sep 29, 2020 7:51 pm

Taking Stock of Backyard Worlds
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Sep 21
Susanna Kohler wrote:
We’ve tallied up a lot of the stars and substars that lie within our solar neighborhood, but we’re missing a key population: the coolest, dimmest substar dwarfs that lurk nearby. A citizen science study is now filling in this gap with the discovery of 95 new “backyard worlds.” ...

Spitzer Follow-up of Extremely Cold Brown Dwarfs Discovered
by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
~ Aaron M. Meisner et al
viewtopic.php?t=37004#p305324
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New Molecules from GOTHAM

Post by bystander » Tue Sep 29, 2020 8:00 pm

New Molecules from GOTHAM
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Sep 23
Susanna Kohler wrote:
What as-yet unidentified molecules lurk in the dark clouds of our nearby universe? Answering this requires observation, experiment, and theory — and GOTHAM is on the case. ...

Detection of Interstellar HC4NC and an Investigation
of Isocyanopolyyne Chemistry under TMC-1 Conditions
~ Ci Xue et al
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Re: New Molecules from GOTHAM

Post by Ann » Wed Sep 30, 2020 6:16 am

bystander wrote: Tue Sep 29, 2020 8:00 pm New Molecules from GOTHAM
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Sep 23
Susanna Kohler wrote:
What as-yet unidentified molecules lurk in the dark clouds of our nearby universe? Answering this requires observation, experiment, and theory — and GOTHAM is on the case. ...

Detection of Interstellar HC4NC and an Investigation
of Isocyanopolyyne Chemistry under TMC-1 Conditions
~ Ci Xue et al

Always interested in seeing what GOTHAM has in store for us! :D

(Couldn't resist...) :mrgreen:

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The Link Between Black Holes and Their Galaxies

Post by bystander » Fri Oct 02, 2020 5:34 pm

The Link Between Black Holes and Their Galaxies
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Sep 30
Susanna Kohler wrote:
The size of a supermassive black hole seems to track with the size of its host galaxy. But is this a statistical fluke, or is there a physical reason for the connection? Recent modeling provides new clues. ...

Testing the Fidelity of Simulations of Black Hole–Galaxy Coevolution at z ~ 1.5 with Observations ~ Xuheng Ding et al
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To Separate Starspots from Planets

Post by bystander » Fri Oct 02, 2020 5:40 pm

To Separate Starspots from Planets
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Oct 02
Tarini Konchady wrote:
Indirect detections of exoplanets rely heavily on the properties of their host stars. However, stellar features can sometimes masquerade as planetary signals. This issue is especially prominent for M dwarfs. So how do we know for sure if we’ve found a planet around an M dwarf? ...

Persistent Starspot Signals on M Dwarfs: Multiwavelength Doppler Observations
with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder and Keck/HIRES
~ Paul Robertson et al
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An Explosive Merger … Maybe

Post by bystander » Tue Oct 06, 2020 3:40 pm

An Explosive Merger … Maybe
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Oct 05
Susanna Kohler wrote:
On August 16, 2019, both the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detected faint blips that didn’t quite register as events. But could these ghost signals actually correspond to the first collision we’ve detected of a black hole with a neutron star? ...

Physical Implications of the Subthreshold GRB GBM-190816
and Its Associated Subthreshold Gravitational-Wave Event
~ Yi-Si Yang et al
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New Discoveries from Old Spacecraft

Post by bystander » Tue Oct 13, 2020 7:09 pm

New Discoveries from Old Spacecraft
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Oct 07
Susanna Kohler wrote:
In 1977, two space probes were launched from Earth, flung out toward the farthest reaches of our solar system. Now, 43 years later, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are journeying through interstellar space — and they’re still providing new insights. ...

Observations of a Radial Density Gradient in the Very Local Interstellar Medium by Voyager 2 ~ W. S. Kurth, D. A. Gurnett
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Turbulent Beginnings for Future Planets?

Post by bystander » Tue Oct 13, 2020 7:17 pm

Turbulent Beginnings for Future Planets?
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Oct 09
Susanna Kohler wrote:
Planets begin their lives shrouded in mystery, embedded in the swirling disks of gas and dust that surround newly born stars. As we try to understand the physical processes at play in these obscured environments, one stands out as a particular unknown: turbulence. New observations have now given us a look at the presence — and absence — of turbulence in planet-forming disks. ...

Measuring Turbulent Motion in Planet-forming Disks with ALMA: A Detection
around DM Tau and Nondetections around MWC 480 and V4046 Sgr
~ Kevin Flaherty et al
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How Planets Can Save or Destroy Their Siblings

Post by bystander » Fri Oct 16, 2020 4:31 pm

How Planets Can Save or Destroy Their Siblings
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Oct 14
Susanna Kohler wrote:
A star like our Sun is destined to end its main-sequence lifetime by expanding to hundreds of times its current size, evolving into a red giant. But when this apocalypse comes, not all of the star’s planets are doomed! A new study shows how some planets can influence the fates of their siblings. ...

How Jupiters Save or Destroy Inner Neptunes around Evolved Stars ~ María Paula Ronco et al
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Casting Doubt on a Nearby Black Hole

Post by bystander » Sat Oct 17, 2020 5:02 pm

Casting Doubt on a Nearby Black Hole
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Oct 16
Susanna Kohler wrote:
A few months ago, scientists announced the indirect detection of the nearest black hole to Earth. But another team is now suggesting a different explanation for this stellar puzzle. ...

The Hα Emission Line Variations of HR 6819 ~ Douglas Gies, Luqian Wang
viewtopic.php?t=40536
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A Deep Look at Distant Galaxies with ALMA

Post by bystander » Thu Oct 22, 2020 9:46 pm

A Deep Look at Distant Galaxies with ALMA
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Oct 19
Susanna Kohler wrote:
The incredible power of ALMA, an array of telescopes located in the high deserts of Chile, has revolutionized our understanding of the structures built from gas and dust within our own galaxy. But ALMA can do more than that: it can also catalog the molecular gas and dust of galaxies located in the distant depths of our universe.

To better understand how galaxies evolve and form stars over time, scientists recently gathered the deepest ALMA observations yet, aiming the array at what is perhaps the most famous field of galaxies in astronomy: the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF). This region of sky has been studied via more than a thousand hours of observations using a variety of telescopes, but ALMA provides a new view. ...

The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field:
The Nature of the Faintest Dusty Star-forming Galaxies ~ Manuel Aravena et al The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field:
CO Excitation and Atomic Carbon in Star-Forming Galaxies at z = 1–3 ~ Leindert A. Boogaard et al The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field:
Multiband Constraints on Line-Luminosity Functions and the Cosmic Density of Molecular Gas ~ Roberto Decarli et al The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field:
Constraining the Molecular Content at log(M/M)∼9.5 with
CO stacking of MUSE detected z∼1.5 Galaxies
~ Hanae Inami et al The Evolution of the Baryons Associated with Galaxies Averaged over Cosmic Time and Space ~ Fabian Walter et al The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey Large Program: The Infrared Excess of z = 1.5–10 UV-Selected
Galaxies and the Implied High-Redshift Star Formation History
~ Rychard Bouwens et al
viewtopic.php?t=36398
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Re: AAS NOVA — Research Highlights 2020

Post by bystander » Sat Oct 24, 2020 4:01 pm

Editor’s note: AAS Nova is on vacation until 2 November. Normal posting will resume at that time; in the meantime, we’ll be taking this opportunity to look at a few interesting AAS journal articles that have recently been in the news or drawn attention.
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The White Dwarf Opportunity with JWST

Post by bystander » Sat Oct 24, 2020 4:13 pm

The White Dwarf Opportunity with JWST
AAS News | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Oct 21
Susanna Kohler wrote:
Can life survive the death of its star? Planets orbiting white dwarfs present a unique opportunity to characterize rocky worlds in an attempt to answer this question. Scientists Lisa Kaltenegger and Ryan MacDonald (Cornell University) and collaborators have now shown that the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be capable of establishing the atmospheric composition of planets transiting white dwarfs in their habitable zones. JWST could detect potential biosignatures in the atmospheres of these planets in as few as 25 transits — which, given the short transit duration for habitable-zone planets around white dwarfs, amounts to a small investment of observing time. For this reason, the authors argue that white dwarfs present a valuable target for future JWST observations. Check out the video, in which Kaltenegger and MacDonald make their case for why we should explore white dwarfs in the search for life. ...

The White Dwarf Opportunity: Robust Detections of Molecules in Earth-like
Exoplanet Atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope
~ Lisa Kaltenegger et al
viewtopic.php?t=41012#p306364
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A Cosmic Dance from Einstein@Home

Post by bystander » Sat Oct 24, 2020 4:20 pm

A Cosmic Dance from Einstein@Home
AAS News | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Oct 23
Susanna Kohler wrote:
What’s your computer doing when you’re not using it? It could be discovering hidden, record-breaking pulsars, like in the case of PSR J1653−0158, recently found via the Einstein@Home project. ...

In a new study led by Lars Nieder (Albert Einstein Institute, Germany), scientists announced the Einstein@Home project’s latest discovery: a gamma-ray-bright but radio-invisible pulsar in an orbit with an extremely low-mass star. Such a system is called a “black widow pulsar” — because the pulsar is destroying its companion! — and this one sets a number of records for these systems: it has the fastest orbital period (75 minutes), and the pulsar is unusually massive and has one of the fastest spins and weakest surface magnetic fields of known pulsars. ...

Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Black Widow Pulsar by GPU-Accelerated Einstein@Home ~ Lars Nieder et al
viewtopic.php?t=41135
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Implications of an Enormous, Early Black Hole

Post by bystander » Wed Jan 27, 2021 4:11 pm

Implications of an Enormous, Early Black Hole
AAS News | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Oct 26
Susanna Kohler wrote:
Scientists have discovered a monster in the early universe, and it’s challenging our understanding of how black holes grow. A recent study led by Jinyi Yang (Steward Observatory, University of Arizona) details the detection of a massive quasar — the bright, accreting supermassive black hole at the center of an active galaxy — at a redshift of z = 7.515, a distance corresponding to a time just 700 million years after the Big Bang. The quasar was detected using three observatories on Maunakea in Hawai’i, and it was given the name Pōniuā’ena. This monster is the second-most distant quasar known — and, weighing in at roughly 1.5 billion solar masses, it’s nearly twice the size of the most distant quasar we’ve detected. ...

Pōniuā'ena: A Luminous z = 7.5 Quasar Hosting a 1.5 Billion Solar Mass Black Hole ~ Jinyi Yang et al
viewtopic.php?t=40716
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A Look at the Atmosphere of a Nearby Hot Neptune

Post by bystander » Wed Jan 27, 2021 4:29 pm

A Look at the Atmosphere of a Nearby Hot Neptune
AAS News | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Oct 28
Susanna Kohler wrote:
Among the types of known exoplanets we’ve spotted in our galaxy, there lie some gaps. One of them is the hot Neptune desert — a dearth of Neptune-sized planets that orbit close to their host stars. We speculate that these planets may be in short supply because they’re too small to retain their atmospheres that close to the heat of their hosts, but this desert still raises a lot of questions.

We now have an excellent opportunity to learn more, with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) discovery of one such “planet that shouldn’t exist”: LTT 9779b. This hot Neptune is blasted by the radiation of its host as it tears around its star in less than 24 hours. And yet, somehow, it still has an atmosphere! ...

Data reveals evidence of molecular absorption in the atmosphere of a hot Neptune
University of New Mexico | 2020 Oct 26

Spitzer Reveals Evidence of Molecular Absorption in the Atmosphere of the Hot Neptune LTT 9779b ~ Diana Dragomir et al
New study details atmosphere on 'hot Neptune' 260 light years away that 'shouldn’t exist'
University of Kansas | 2020 Oct 26

Phase Curves of Hot Neptune LTT 9779b Suggest a High-metallicity Atmosphere ~ Ian J. M. Crossfield et al
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Spotting a Distant Afterglow

Post by bystander » Wed Jan 27, 2021 4:39 pm

Spotting a Distant Afterglow
AAS News | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Oct 30
Susanna Kohler wrote:
As their name suggests, short gamma-ray bursts are very brief flashes of high-energy light that last less than a couple seconds — making them challenging to localize to their galaxy of origin. If you’re quick enough, however, you might be able to spot the faint but longer-lived afterglow in lower-energy wavelengths that follows the gamma-ray flash. And if you’ve got a powerful enough telescope, you might be able to spot this afterglow even when the explosion occurred ten billion light-years away!

Such is the case in a recent study led by Kerry Paterson (CIERA, Northwestern University), which announces the afterglow detection and localization of GRB 181123B using the Gemini North and Keck telescopes. ...

Discovery of the Optical Afterglow of Short GRB 181123B at z = 1.754:
Implications for Delay Time Distributions
~ Kerry Paterson et al
viewtopic.php?t=40776
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Checking the Speed of Spirals

Post by bystander » Wed Jan 27, 2021 4:48 pm

Checking the Speed of Spirals
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Nov 02
Susanna Kohler wrote:
It’s an old debate: gravity or companions? The spectacular spiral arms we see in some protoplanetary disks are likely caused by one or the other — and a recent study has taken a speedy approach to figuring out which. ...

Dynamical Evidence of a Spiral Arm-Driving Planet in the MWC 758 Protoplanetary Disk ~ Bin Ren et al
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A Distant Quasar as a Cosmic Clock

Post by bystander » Wed Jan 27, 2021 5:56 pm

A Distant Quasar as a Cosmic Clock
NOVA | American Astronomical Society | 2020 Nov 04
Susanna Kohler wrote:
Hungry supermassive black holes in the distant cosmos can help us understand what happened shortly after our universe lit up with its first stars and galaxies. New work now probes the most distant supermassive black hole we’ve seen, searching for more clues. ...

No Redshift Evolution in the Broad-Line Region Metallicity up to z=7.54:
Deep NIR Spectroscopy of ULAS J1342+0928
~ Masafusa Onoue et al
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